Polymers fiber-reinforced

Organosilanes are the main group of coupling agents for glass fiber-reinforced polymers. They have been developed to couple virtually any polymer to the minerals that are used in reinforced composites f42J. 

Though short fiber-reinforced mbber composites find application in hose, belt, tires, and automotives [57,98,133,164] recent attention has been focused on the suitability of such composites in high-performance applications. One of the most important recent applications of short fiber-mbber composite is as thermal insulators where the material will protect the metallic casing by undergoing a process called ablation, which is described in a broad sense as the sacrificial removal of material to protect stmcrnres subjected to high rates of heat transfer [190]. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are potential ablative materials because of their high specific heat, low thermal conductivity, and ability of the fiber to retain the char formed during ablation [191-194]. 

Transition from liquid behavior to solid behavior has been reported with fine particle suspensions with increased filler content in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Industrially important classes are rubber-modified polymer melts (small rubber particles embedded in a polymer melt), e.g. ABS (acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene) or HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) and fiber-reinforced polymers. Another interesting suspension is present in plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) at low temperatures, when suspended PVC particles are formed in the melt [96], The transition becomes evident in the following... 

The initial evaluation showed that utilizing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) for pipelines is a feasible alternative to steel pipelines with regard to performance and cost [35]. From the cost analysis, an FRP pipe is quite attractive, especially in the regional or distributed service. Currently, spoolable piping manufacturers could install a composite pipeline for serving a 100,000 population for a cost of 250,000-500,000/mi. (does not include the cost for right-of-way), which is well below the DOE s capital cost target in 2017 of 800,000/mi. [35]. From this estimate and cost analyses, it is seen that FRP pipe economics is very attractive, especially for the distribution service. 

Experimental results are presented that show that high doses of electron radiation combined with thermal cycling can significantly change the mechanical and physical properties of graphite fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Polymeric materials examined have included 121 °C and 177°C cure epoxies, polyimide, amorphous thermoplastic, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. Composite panels fabricated and tested included four-ply unidirectional, four-ply [0,90, 90,0] and eight-ply quasi-isotropic [0/ 45/90]s. Test specimens with fiber orientations of [10] and [45] were cut from the unidirectional panels to determine shear properties. Mechanical and physical property tests were conducted at cold (-157°C), room (24°C) and elevated (121°C) temperatures. 

Ramsteiner, F. and Theysohn, R The influence of fiber diameter on the tensile behavior of short-glass fiber reinforced polymers, Composites Sci. Technol., 24, 231-240 (1985). 

Fu, S. and Lauke, B Effects of fiber length and fiber orientation distributions on the tensile strength of short-fiber-reinforced polymers, Composites Sci. Technol., 56, 1179 (1996). 

Brink, A. E., Owens, J. T., Oshinski, A. J. and Pecorini, T. J., Process for preparing high strength fiber reinforced polymer composites, US Patent 6 048 922, 2000. 

Another approach to exploit the properties of nanocarbons consists in integrating them in standard fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC). The rationale behind this route is to form a hierarchical composite, with the nanocarbon playing a role at the nanoscale and the macroscopic fiber providing mainly mechanical reinforcement. This strategy typically aims to give FRPCs added functionality, improve their interlaminar properties and increase the fiber surface area. The first two properties are critical for the transport industry, for example, where the replacement of structural metallic... 

Ranby and Shi also studied hyperbranched methacrylated polyesters and their use in photopolymerizations of films and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The resins were found to have low viscosities and higher curing rates than those of corresponding linear unsaturated polyesters [131-133]. 

Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites UD carbon fiber-epoxy matrix ... 

Drumm, C.A. and Ulicny, J.C. (1989). Analysis of coating on glass fiber reinforcements. Polym. Composites 10. 44-51. 

ASTM D 5528 (1994). Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. 

Desaeger, M. and Verpoest, I. (1993). On the use of the microindentation test technique to measure the interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 48, 215-226. 

Fila M. Bredin C. and Piggott M.R. (1972). Work of fracture of fiber-reinforced polymers. J. Mater. Sci. 7, 983 988. 

McGarry, F.J. (1969). The fracture of polymers and fiber reinforced polymer composites. In Proc. AlAAj ASME lOlh Structures, Structural Dynamics Mater. Conf., New Orleans, pp. 456-471. 

BFRP boron fiber reinforced polymer composites... 

Composite solids include high-strength fiber-reinforced polymers for golf clubs and tennis rackets flexible barriers, such as GoreTex jackets, that repel water droplets, but which permit the passage of air and controlled dmg-release devices, which will be discussed in section 11.4. 

Power-law expressions are still nsed to describe snch polymer-fiber melts. Typical power-law parameters for selected fiber-polymer systems are shown in Table 4.7. Semiempirical expressions based on Eq. (4.23) have also been developed, as well as models based on energy dissipation. A complete review of these correlations is beyond the scope of this text, and the interested reader is referred to reference 9 for a more complete review of viscosity in fiber-reinforced polymer melts. 

As first described in Section 1.4.2, there are a number of ways of further classifying fiber-matrix composites, such as according to the fiber and matrix type—for example, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRP) or by fiber orientation. In this section, we utilize all of these combinations to describe the mechanical properties of some important fiber-reinforced composites. Again, not all possible combinations are covered, but the principles involved are applicable to most fiber-reinforced composites. We begin with some theoretical aspects of strength and modulus in composites. 

Figure 5.97 Plot of composite tensile strength versus fiber volume fraction for an aligned, short fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite. The dotted lines show the corresponding values for continuous fibers for comparison purposes. Reprinted, by permission, from N. G. McCrum, C. P. Buckley, and C. B. Bucknall, Principles of Polymer Engineering, 2nd ed., p. 281. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.

A.2.4 Discontinuous-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composites Sheet Molding Compound. Of the parameters influencing the mechanical properties in short-fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites, fiber composition, matrix composition, fiber geometry, and manufacturing method will be elaborated upon here. 

Dielectric Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers. As... 

Figure 6.44 Dielectric loss factor as a function of cure time and frequency of the oscillating electric field in a fiber-reinforced polymer. Reprinted, by permission, from P. K. Mallick, Fiber-Reinforced Composites, p. 365. Copyright 1988 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Materials with a tensile modulus E > 200 GPa and density p <2 Mg/m include beryllium alloys and nnaxial carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. Beryllium alloys are both expensive and toxic. 

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