Technical standards

The use of FRP is convenient also in older metal constmctions, since the mechanical properties of composite materials are well suited to the stmctural features of buildings employing cast iron. The exceptional tensile strength of the fibers makes up for the low resistance of the cast iron and the corrosion resistance of both materials makes the intervention durable. The traditional techniques that rely on welding are unfavorable because fliey require flie complete disassembly of the work, along with an inevitable increase of costs and time consumption. It demonstrated, moreover, the effectiveness of flie application of FRP in improving the brittle behavior of cast iron. 

An important technical standard for the design of steel structures reinforced with FRP is (7NR-DT 202/2005—Guidelines for the Design and Constmction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengfliening Existing Stractures—MetalUc Stractures. 

Another interesting field of application of FRP in steel structures is the reinforcement of pipelines, and some of the most important technical standards are  

---

To efficiendy drive the development of improved substrate materials, the limiting values of birefringence have to be known this is especially tme for WORM and EOD(MOR) substrate disks. These limit values were laid down by the ANSI (American National Standard Institute) Technical Standard Committee (186—188). For 5.25 in. WORM disks, the ANSI document X 3 B 11/88-144 recommends a maximum LEP value of 9% this corresponds to an optical path difference perpendicular to the plane of the disk of not more than 80 nm/mm (double path). For 5.25 in. EOD(MOR) disks, more stringent conditions apply (ANSI-document X 3 B 11/88-049), which also allow calculation of the allowed range. 

Operations at hazardous waste activities worksites where use of a respirator due to potential radiological (as specified by Article 532 of the Draft DOE Radiological Control Technical Standard) or nonradio-logical exposure is recommended or required... 

For a couple of years 0.25% Hg became the technical standard. It has to be pointed out that the mercury content of the metallic zinc has to be divided by a factor of roughly 10 to give the mercury content based on the total cell weight of an AA (LR-6) cell. These values are sometimes indicated on the cell labels. With decreasing amalgamation, other corrosion inhibitors had to take over the role of mercury. There are numerous papers and patents claiming corrosion-inhibiting activities of elements like A1, In, T1, Cd, Ga, Na, ... 

The Emission Standard for New Diesel Vehicles, issued in December 1988, established a maximum of 50 Hartridge Opacity Units. The Ecological Technical Standard of June, 1988, enforced the maximum allowable emissions for circulating cars (Table IV). The Diesel Regulation... 

As to the future of organics, I remain optimistic. The barley plain is in retreat, and one hopes that some farmers will revert to a more sustainable mode of agriculture. It is here that Jon Newton s book will prove invaluable, setting technical standards and advising on finance, marketing and sales. 

On September 23, 1988, U.S. EPA issued the final technical performance standards and associated regulations for USTs.13 On October 26,1988, U.S. EPA issued the final regulations for financial responsibility for those USTs related mainly with petroleum products. The technical standards for USTs comprise eight components, as described in the following sections13-14 ... 

Fantozzi et al. [73] presents the study of the carbon footprint of a typical food product in Central Italy truffle sauce. This is a mixture of vegetable oil and truffle in proportions of 33% and 67% respectively and minor components and spices (garlic, salt, pepper, etc.). Both truffles and olives are cultivated and harvested in a farm in Umbria (Italy). Olives are crushed in a mill that is situated few kilometers from the farm. Once it has been produced, the extra virgin oil, together with the truffle, is transported to another facility to produce bottled truffle sauce. The carbon footprint calculation is based on ISO 14076 technical standard. Product Category Rules (PCR) have been developed (see Table 7). 

Abstract RISKCYCLE is an artificial word which addresses the risks associated with the global recycling streams. As part of materials like waste paper, plastic, and electronics, pollutants and chemical additives are transported abroad, e.g., they are exported to emerging and developing countries. Here these pollutants/additives can cause risks for humans and the environment especially if treatment/recycling is performed on a lower technical standard. The specific risks that can occur have been studied in an international EU-funded research program, which is the basis of this publication. 

In a study comparing organic and conventional apples (variety Golden Delicious) from a range of commercial orchards it was found that reproducible differences between apples from organic and conventional systems can be detected (Fig. 16.6). Additionally, the vitality index produced based on the picture forming method was found to be correlated with the technical standard index based on chemical quality tests and the sensory test results (Fig. 16.7, left) (Weibel et al., 2004a). 

The SAE J2719, Information Report on the Development of a Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell Vehicles, http //www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2719 200511 (November, 2005). 

There is no national agreement on technical standards for grid interconnection, insurance requirements or reasonable charges for the interconnection of distributed generation. Vendors of distributed generation equipment need to work to remove or reduce these barriers. The Starwood hotel chain faced utility efforts in 2003 to block the installation of a... 

Many limit conditions are already specified and solutions given in technical standards that deal with safeguarding measures. These solutions are recognized as providing an adequate level of safety. The following standards are especially important ... 

The particles of a synthetic pigment, far from being uniform, cover a more or less wide range of sizes. Normally discontinuously produced pigment batches are usually combined so as to yield mixtures that meet the technical standards of certain target applications. This explains why it is possible for different batches of the same pigment to exhibit somewhat divergent particle size distributions. 

Unfortunately, positive trends could not be seen for the megacities in developing countries. The very low income of people only allows for the purchase and use of old vehicles with low technical standards (Nakamura et al., 2004). This is of major concern, in so far as half of the world population (48% in 2003) live in urban areas. 

Concentrations of particulate matter and S02, accordingly, are the highest in cities with extremely high population densities, low technical standards and an excessive use of two wheelers, as is the case for Asian agglomerations. The worst conditions are observed in Delhi, Beijing, Tehran and Mumbai. But Western European cities also... 

Rail Only at port hinterland lines technical standards B - Considerable lag in grade-separated facilities in major lines D v... 

In addition, significant information on control systems is publicly available— including design and maintenance documents, technical standards for the interconnection of control systems and RTUs, and standards for communication among control devices—all of which could assist hackers in understanding the systems and how to attack them. Moreover, there are numerous former employees, vendors, support contractors, and other end users of the same equipment worldwide with inside knowledge of the operation of control systems. 

Underground Storage Tanks Technical Standards and Corrective Action... 

Like the public controls over built development, I suggest that public controls over technology should consist of two types of systems technical standards, equivalent to building regulations, and a system equivalent to the planning system that can take into account matters that are not easily quantified and measured. The former should be overseen in some way by elected politicians. In the latter, major decisions should be made by elected politicians, following public consultation and... 

Wiedensohler A et al (2012) Particle mobility size spectrometers harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions. Atmos Meas Tech 5 657-685... 

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. The IEEE sets global technical standards and acts as an authority in technical areas including computer engineering, biomedical technology, telecommunications, electric power, aerospace and consumer electronics, among others, www.ieee.org. 

We must also point out that, in those days in eastern Europe, a sewer system of any kind at all was exemplary to start with, and that this is all the more true for sewage treatment facilities, which were built for both camps at great expenditure in resources and according to high technical standards. 

When conducted as a three-tiered process (Tier 1—Technical Review, Tier 2—Peer or Supervisor Review, and Tier 3—QA Review), internal review is an effective error-detection mechanism. Each tier in the review process involves the evaluation of data quality based on the results of QC data and on the professional judgment of the reviewer. The application of technical standards and professional experience to data review is essential in ensuring that data of known quality are generated consistently. 

Widely adopted technical standards for this area are also still missing. A format for Archival Electronic Signature (ES-A) has been defined in [ETSI]. An IETF working group is working in this field (see [DOS] and [WAL]), but most documents are at the level of Internet Drafts and they are works in progress. 

Laboratories certifying both kinds of standards work in accordance with technical standard ISO 17025 and ISO Guides 31, 34 and 35 Methods of certification are proved by CCQM key comparisons, interlaboratory comparisons linked to CCQM and EUROMET/EURACHEM projects Methods of certification are intended to be included in CIPM-MRA Appendix C, Amount of Substance, Calibration and Measurement Capability Declarations... 

---