Earthquake resistance

Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures 1893/1991 DDENV 1998 (1-5) /1996... 

Fire-, blast-, and earthquake-resistant materials and systems Crosscutting innovations Constituent materials New materials Smart systems for design of fire-, blast-, and heat-resistant alternative reinforced structures Survivability reserach Concrete as part of multimaterials systems Noncorroding steel reinforcement Concrete with predictable performance Materials with reduced shrinkage and cracking Reduction of alkali-silica reactions in concrete... 

Seed, H.B. 1966. A method for earthquake resistant design of earth dams. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 92, No. SM-1, pp. 13-41. 

The Japanese are also active in the application of fibre reinforced plastics to reinforced concrete structures to improve their earthquake resistance. Kabatake et al [22] reported on 14 cases in which chimneys were retrofitted with fibre reinforced plastics and were judged by the Building Disaster Prevention Association of Japan to be one of the most effective retrofitting methods. In this retrofitting programme, carbon fibre tapes impregnated with an epoxy resin were wound and adhered to the exterior of the chimney. Sumida et al [ 23] have described experiences with aramid reinforced... 

Safety improvements emanate from the re-evaluation of installation safety in light of the current standards, primarily in the areas of earthquake resistance, spray sodium fires and water and steam pipe rupture. In order to guarantee the main safety functions with respect to reactor shutdown, to the decay heat removal and to the confinement of radioactive materials, in all the aforementioned accidental operating conditions, the following safety improvements were required ... 

BIS-1893. (2002). Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Stmetures, Part 1 - General Provisions and Buildings. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 

Eurocode-8 (2005) BS-EN 1998-1, Design of structures for earthquake resistance - part 1 General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. European committeefor standardization, Brussels. 

Gumensky, D.B. (1957). Earthquake and earthquake-resistant design. American civil engineering practice 3(34) 1-34, R.W. Abbett, ed. Wiley New York. 

Eurocode (2002) Design provision for earthquake resistance of struetures . Eurocode 8, European Standard EN 1998. 

IAEA (1985 and 1999) Earthquake resistant design of nuclear facilities with limited radioactive inventory , TECDOC-348, IAEA, Vienna. 

Kanagawa (1994) Manual for evaluating the earthquake resistance of high-pressure gas facilities . Industrial Safety Dept., Environment Division, Kanagawa Prefecture, Jan. 

European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4 Silos, tanks and pipelines, 2003. 

Building design should conform to all local codes and regulations. In particular, it should resist earthquakes. Resistance to projectiles caused by explosion is a debatable point in particular, resistance to falling aircraft usually is not deemed worthwhile because of the extremely low probability of damage from this cause. Increased attention to the possibility of sabotage may modify these conclusions. 

Kubo, K. and Katayama, T. 1978. Earthquake resistant properties and design of public utilities. In The Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk, UNESCO, Paris, 171-184. 

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