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European Union

European Union Environment Soil Protection, http //europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/sl5010.htm. [Pg.554]

Spadoni et al. (2005, 88) mention that Italy has limits for arsenic in urban and residential soils of 20 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. [Pg.554]

Spadoni, M., Voltaggio, M. and Cavarretta G. (2005) Recognition of areas of anomalous concentration of potentially hazardous elements by means of a subcatchment-based discriminant analysis of stream sediments. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 87(3), 83-91. [Pg.554]

Ministry of the Environment (Japan) Standards for Soil Pollution, http //www.env.go.jp/en/water/soil/ sp.html. [Pg.554]

In the European Union, organic farming is implemented, labelled, controlled and marketed according to EC Reg. 2092/91 and its updates. Within the European Union, IFOAM Basic Standards are replaced by EC Reg. 2092/91. Thus, EC Reg. 2092/91 provides a framework for organic farming within the EU based on subsidiary principle and its implementation. It is to a certain extent flexible with respect to adaptation, supplementation, and precision of technical details in respect to national conditions. [Pg.18]

Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the European Council provides a legal basis permitting the use of antimicrobial treatments to remove surface contamination from poultry. Following a risk assessment conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2005 (European Food Safety Authority, 2005), the European Commission (EC) has provided a draft regulation on the approval of substances, including ASC, that can be used to remove surface contamination from fresh poultry carcasses (European Commission, 2006). [Pg.39]

The United States regulation, approved under United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 173, section 173.325 (2006), permits a range of ASC solutions of 500-1200 mg sodium chlorite/l at a pH of 2.3-2.9 for food use for poultry meats, red meats, processed, comminuted or formed meat products, intact fruits and vegetables and processed fruit and vegetables, as well as in water and ice that are used to rinse, wash, transport or store seafood at 50 mg sodium chlorite/l (United States Food and Drug Administration, 2006). [Pg.39]

In Europe, the European Community (EC) was formed by the union of three organizations the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established in 1951 the European Economic Community (EEC), established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), established in 1957. In 1967, with the Merger Treaty, these organizations merged to form the EC. After the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, the EC became the European Union (EU) which consists of the European Commission, the European Council, the European Parliament, and the European Court of Justice.  [Pg.1303]

Air legislation is targeting emissions from industrial operations, greenhouse gases, lead, motor vehicle emissions, nitrogen oxides, ODS, sulfur dioxide, and suspended particulate matter. Water legislation in the EU is divided into effect- and source-oriented direc- [Pg.1303]

Similar to the US requirements, there are two regulatory steps to go through before a drug is approved to be marketed in the European Union. These two steps are clinical trial application and marketing authorization application. There are 27 member states in the European Union (as of August 2007) clinical trial applications are approved at the member state level, whereas marketing authorization applications are approved at both the member state or centralized levels. [Pg.250]

EU Directives 2001/20/EC and 2005/28/EC set out the new rules and regulations for the approval and conduct of clinical trials in Europe. Member states had to enact the Directives into national legislation and put them into effect by May 1,2004. [Pg.252]

A Sponsor submits a clinical trial application to the Competent Authority in each member state where the trials are to be conducted. The Competent Authority has 60 days to review and approve or reject the application. Application is in prescribed forms and covers the proposed clinical trial protocol, manufacturing, and quality controls on the drug, and supporting data, such as (1) chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological data, (2) nonclinical pharmacological and toxicological data, and (3) clinical data and previous human experience. The supporting data are submitted in the Common Technical Document (CTD) format (see Section 7.11). [Pg.252]

Most of the information sought is similar to the FDA s IND requirements. One major difference is that a Qualihed Person has to certify that the investigational medicinal product (IMP) is manufactured according to GMP The Competent Authority has the right to inspect the manufacturing facility for GMP compliance, the preclinical facility for GLP compliance, and the clinical trial sites for GCP compliance. [Pg.252]

In the United Kingdom, clinical trial applications are submitted to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). There are several schemes for clinical trial application the major two are the Clinical Trial Certificate (CTC) and Clinical Trial Exemption (CTX) schemes. [Pg.252]

The EU is a complex organisation which contains a number of salient institutions with various executive and advisory roles. [Pg.69]

The Council is made up of the representatives of the governments of the 25 Member States. Normally these are Ministers of State with the Foreign Secretary being the UK s main representative. However, Ministers from other Departments meet to deal with specific matters such as finance. [Pg.69]

Member State Number of votes Member State Number of votes [Pg.70]

The Commission is the executive body of the EU and consists of 25 members, one appointed by each member government. Commissioners must act independently of their national government and of Council. The Commission is answerable to the European Parliament and its detailed work is carried out by 26 Directorate Generals (DGs) each dealing with a specific aspect of EU business. Those most relevant to health and safety are  [Pg.70]

The Council and Commission are assisted by the Economic and Social Committee (EcoSoC) who must be consulted before decisions are taken on a large range of subjects. It is non-govemmental and consists of members representing the social partners plus particular sector interests. Additionally, preliminary proposals with a health and safety content are referred to the Advisory Committee on Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work for its opinion. [Pg.70]


For countries in the European Union, the specifications issued by European directives that replace, when they exist, the national specifications. [Pg.293]

At the European level, the national organizations from both the EU (European Union, formerly the EEC) and the EETA (European Free Trade Association) are grouped in the CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and its counterpart for the electrical industries CENELEC. The standards published by these two organizations have authority in all EU countries as well as the EFTA countries who have voted their approval, which means that these standards have replaced their corresponding national standards. [Pg.295]

Ecole Nationale Superieure du Petrole et des Moteurs Formation Industrie end point (or FBP - final boiling point) electrostatic precipitation ethyl tertiary butyl ether European Union extra-urban driving cycle volume fraction distilled at 70-100-180-210°C Fachausschuss Mineralol-und-Brennstoff-Normung fluid catalytic cracking Food and Drug Administration front end octane number fluorescent indicator adsorption flame ionization detector... [Pg.501]

Collaborative R D has been carried out since the inception of the European Community and the The Maastricht Treaty made R D one of the priority policies of the European Union... [Pg.929]

The pressure equipment directive was adopted by the European Parliament and the European Council in May 1997. It harmonises the national laws of the 15 Member States of the European Union relating to equipment subject to the pressure risk. That directive is one of the series of technical harmonisation directives such as for machinery, medical devices, simple pressure vessels, gas appliances and so on, which were foreseen by the Communities programme for the elimination of technical barriers to trade. It therefore aims to ensure the free placing on the market and putting into service of the equipment concerned within the European Union and the European Economic Area. At the same time it permits a flexible regulatory environment, allowing European industry to develop new techniques increasing thereby its international competitiveness. [Pg.937]

As referred to above, most of the modules involve the intervention of a third party, the so-called notified bodies. These bodies are designated by Member States as being competent to carry out the certification tasks for which they are notified. As a precondition for their notification they must fulfil the minimum criteria which are set out in the relevant directives. These conditions vary from independence, impartiality and professional integrity, to technical competence, possession of or access to necessary facilities and to liability insurance. Once notified, the Commission publishes a list of all notified bodies in the Official Journal, It is worth noting that there is free competition between notified bodies and that manufacturers can make their own choice from all notified bodies notified within the European Union. [Pg.939]

The directive will initially come into force on 29 November 1999. From that date until 28 May 2002 manufacturers have a choice between applying the pressure equipment directive or continuing with the application of the existing national legislation. From 29 May 2002 the pressure equipment directive will be obligatory throughout the European Union. [Pg.944]

Most wines with <14% alcohol are classed as table wines because they are usuaHy consumed with meals. Note that as used here, premium wines are included. In the countries of the European Union (EU), table wine means only ordinary or everyday wine. Sparkling wines are included in this group because producing the sparkle and retaining it during consumption of a botde by few people necessitates a modest alcohol level. The "generous" group of... [Pg.366]

BATF permits no more acetic acid than 1.4 g/L in ted table and 1.2 g/L in white and dessert wines, Califotnia and the European Union slightly less. California requites a minimum fixed acidity as tartaric of 4.0 g/L for ted table, 3.0 g/L for white table, and 2.5 g/L for dessert wines. Califotnia also requites a minimum extract in dry wines of 18 g/L for ted and 17 g/L for white, but other states generally do not specify a minimum. In the United States, maximum total sulfur dioxide is 350 mg/L. Fat less is usually used today. European maxima ate lower for dry wines and higher for sweet table wines. [Pg.376]

Table 5. Members of the European Union (EU) and the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)... Table 5. Members of the European Union (EU) and the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)...
In 1994, the former European Economic Community (EEC or EC) became the European Union. It originated as the Common Market created by the Treaty of Paris ia 1951 and the Treaty of Rome ia 1958. Greece joined in 1981, Spain and Portugal in 1984, and Austria, Einland, and Sweden in 1994. [Pg.150]

Sorbic acid is produced and marketed in the United States in the dust-free powder form. The 1995 tmckload (TL) Hst price was U.S. 8.60— 8.80/kg for food grade and 12.41/kg for National Formulary (NF) grade. Water-soluble potassium sorbate is marketed as a powder or as granules. The 1995 TL Hst price was U.S. 7.90— 8.15/kg for food grade and 11.75/kg for NF grade. In addition to Eastman, the only U.S. producer, there are four Japanese producers and two producers in the European Union. Worldwide consumption in 1994 was approximately 2700—3000 metric tons and the nameplate productive capacity was approximately 2900—3100 metric tons. [Pg.284]

Soybeans are the most important oilseed in international trade. The United States, Bra2il, and Argentina are the main suppHers to the export markets. In 1994—1995, United States exports of 22.0 x 10 metric tons represented 32% of the domestic production, 16% of the world crop, and 69% of the international trade in soybeans. The European Union, Japan, Mexico, and Taiwan were the largest importers of soybeans (51). Japan, which produces <5% of its soybean needs, is the largest single soybean customer of the United States. Japan imported 3.4 x 10 t in 1994 (51). The United States also exports processed soybean products, eg, oil and meal. For 1990—1993, an average of 47% of the crop was exported as whole beans and processed products. [Pg.299]

Production and consumption statistics for sucrose are shown ia Table 1. World production of sucrose dufing 1993—1994 was - 110 million metric tons, of which - 64% was derived from sugarcane. The largest producer is the European Union (EU), followed closely by India and Bra2il. In 1993—1994, the United States ranked fourth in production. World raw sugar prices from 1990—1995 ranged from 20.20—32. l0/kg (10). [Pg.3]

The European Union (EU) has a systematic classification of white sugars, shown in Table 10. Codex JUimentarius also has issued specifications for white sugars (17). The EU standards are widely used throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. Other countries, eg, Brazd and the People s RepubHc of China, have their own domestic specifications, which are also appHed to imports. [Pg.20]

Eig. 1. Recovered beet sugar per hectare, 1960s—1990s, where A represents the European Union and B, the United States. [Pg.23]

In the European Union, coal-derived complex chemical substances, ie, those contained in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances, have been classified for carcinogenicity in the twenty-first adaptation to technical progress of the European Commission (EC) Dangerous Substances Directive 1994 67/548/EEC (57). The EC Regulation 793/93 requires data sets to be submitted by producers or importers to the... [Pg.346]

This work was financially supported by the Greek Ministry of National Education and Religious affairs (25%) and the European Union (75%) in the framework of EPEAEK program. [Pg.290]

Farmed animals tend to be subjected to compounds that can be classified more easily as drugs. In some cases, animals may encounter compounds in nature that have considerable limitations in inclusion in the diets of farmed animals. An example is the inclusion of zearalenone (Figure 1) and its derivatives in animal diets these have anabolic and oestrogenic properties " and are permitted to be used in some areas of the world but are prohibited from use in others, such as European Union countries. Thus this compound and its reduced isomers (zearalenols, zeranols) improve growth rates in animals but can cause reproductive problems, especially in pigs. Ralgro, which is a commercially prepared derivative of zearalenone, is used as an ear implant in beef cattle as a growth promoter in... [Pg.92]

European Union. 1996. "Best Available Technology Notes on Various Pesticides Manufacturing Processes." Brussels. [Pg.144]

Established OELs such as OSHA PELs and ACGIH TLVs, cover only a small fraction of the substances that are found in the workplace, and even for those chemicals discrepancies are commonly encountered among the different lists, For this reason, the European Union (EU) is trying an approach in which... [Pg.367]

The Council of the European Union. Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7, April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at ujork. Offi cial Journal No. LI 31, May 1998. [Pg.373]

Guiding values for particulate material PMjq (aerodynamic diameter. smaller than 10 pm) are given by the United States and the European Union. Major debates are in progress regarding the importance of introducing values for the size PMt j. [Pg.1283]

A new CEN European standard, EN 12874, was issued in 2001. It will be used by all European nations that belong to the European Union (EU) that are members of the Comite Enropeean de Normalisation (CEN), as well as other non-EU nations that are members of the CEN. It will supersede BS 7224 in England, FEB and BAM in Germany, and standards in use in other European countries. This is a very comprehensive standard covering types of flame arresters not covered in US, Canadian, and other standards. It contains test procedures for the following types of flame arresters ... [Pg.160]

J.E. thanks the European Union (Project Localization and Transfer of Hydrogen, No. CHRX CT 940582) and the Spanish Ministry of Education (Project Crystal Engineering, No. PB96-0001-C03-03) for financial support. We thank Dr. Scott Henderson for help with the preparation of the manuscript. [Pg.64]


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