Fluorescent indicator adsorption

This analysis, abbreviated as FIA for Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, is standardized as ASTM D 1319 and AFNOR M 07-024. It is limited to fractions whose final boiling points are lower than 315°C, i.e., applicable to gasolines and kerosenes. We mention it here because it is still the generally accepted method for the determination of olefins. 

Ecole Nationale Superieure du Petrole et des Moteurs Formation Industrie end point (or FBP - final boiling point) electrostatic precipitation ethyl tertiary butyl ether European Union extra-urban driving cycle volume fraction distilled at 70-100-180-210°C Fachausschuss Mineralol-und-Brennstoff-Normung fluid catalytic cracking Food and Drug Administration front end octane number fluorescent indicator adsorption flame ionization detector... 

Determination of hydrocarbon types in liquid penoleum products by a fluorescent indicator adsorption test (ASTM D1319)... 

Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption... 

Liquid chromatography (also called adsorption chromatography) has helped to characterize the group composition of crude oils and hydrocarbon products since the beginning of this century. The type and relative amount of certain hydrocarbon classes in the matrix can have a profound effect on the quality and performance of the hydrocarbon product. The fluorescent indicator adsorption (FIA) method (ASTM D-1319) has been used to measure the paraffinic, olefinic, and aromatic content of gasoline, jet fuel, and liquid products in general (Suatoni and Garber, 1975 Miller et al., 1983 Norris and Rawdon, 1984). 

In 1948, a procedure was described by A. L. Conrad and later refined by D. W. Ciidle and R. L. LeToumeau for determining olefins, aromatics, and saturates in cracked gasoline. This procedure evolved into ASTM Test Method D1319, Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, often abbreviated as "FIA. ... 

The first level of compositional information is group-type totals. ASTM Test Method D1319, Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, gives volume percent saturates, olefins, and aromatics in materials that boil below 315 C (600 F). This covers jet fuels but not all diesel fuels, most of which have an end point above 315°C. Despite this limitation, the method has been used widely for diesel fuel due to the lack of a suitable alternative. 

Sensor fabrication occurs in two steps. The first step is the immobilization of GOx on the surface of the nanotube. This is accomplished by adding GOx to a solution of surfactant stabilized nanotubes and dialyzing away the surfactant. Dialysis is an ideal method for assembling enzymes on a nanotube surface, because the method allows retention of enzyme activity while simultaneously maintaining nanotube colloidal stability. The resulting GOx-S WNT solution exhibits a shift in the nanotube fluorescence indicative of the enzyme layer being less tightly packed around the nanotube than the surfactant layer. The second step is addition of ferricyanide to the GOx-SWNT solution. Adsorption of ferricyanide to the nanotube surface... 

Nonaqueous methods include the use of amine titration and adsorption of indicators for visual measurement of acid strength. This procedure allows both the determination of the total amount of acid sites and also the acid strength distribution. A disadvantage is that bulky molecules (amines and indicators) arc used and these may be excluded from entering small pores. With zeolites, the slow rate of diffusion and equilibration has to be taken into account. Spectroscopic measurement of acid strength may also be performed using amine titration and indicator adsorption. Ultraviolet or fluorescent indicators may be used. 

Analyze your product by thin-layer chromatography. Dissolve very small samples of pure ferrocene, the crude reaction mixture, and recrystallized acetylferrocene, each in a few drops of toluene spot the three solutions with microcapillaries on silica gel plates and develop the chromatogram with 30 1 toluene-absolute ethanol. Visualize the spots under a uv lamp if the silica gel has a fluorescent indicator or by adsorption of iodine vapor. Do you detect unreacted ferrocene in the reaction mixture and/or a spot that might be attributed to diacetylferrocene ... 

Luminescence titrimetry has been developed chiefly for acid-base titrations. Therefore, fluorescence pH-indicators are now widely used. Their application is based on changes of fluorescence spectrum upon the addition of a proton or its loss. At present, over 200 fluorescence pH-indicators are available the structural formulae of the most the widely applied indicators are given in Table 8. Some of them (No. 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 23, 25 and 29) and also, primuline, tripaflavine, and rhodamine 6G are widely used as adsorption fluorescence indicators. The titration end point can be detected in this case because of the differences in of the indicator in the adsorbed state and in solution. Redox fluorescence indicators including rhodamines B and 6 G, 3,6-dihydroxy-phthalic acids, complexes of Ru(II) with 2,2 -dipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and other... 

TLC can be scaled-up and used for the isolation of large (10-100 mg) quantities of pure component. The practice of the technique is similar to that for analytical, qualitative scale work. The main difference lies in the plates used. Almost all preparative scale work is carried out, in the adsorption mode, principally on silica gel plates of varying thickness, 1-5 mm, and of 20 x 20 cm dimensions. The sample is applied as a streak, either by a pasteur pipette, syringe or a motorised streak applicator . Advantage can be taken of multiple development techniques, which allow efficient separation of components of markedly different polarities. Bands incompletely resolved can be applied to a fresh plate and rechromatographed with a suitable solvent and development procedure. Once development is complete the bands of component can be scraped off with a razor blade or spatula and the component washed off the adsorbent with a suitable solvent. Plates for preparative chromatography are available with added fluorescent indicator which facilitates non-destructive location of the components. The fluorescent indicator is irreversibly bound to the silica. 

As already indicated adsorption, penetration, and uncoating of AAV do not require helper virus and purified DNA is infectious but requires helper. However, in the absence of helper no DNA or RNA synthesis is detected. Therefore, a helper function (s) appears to be required to initiate AAV-specific nucleic acid synthesis. Co-infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) also serves to allow AAV DNA or RNA synthesis (Boucher et al., 1971 Rose and Koczot, 1972). The extent of AAV nucleic acid synthesis appeared to be comparable with either HSV or adenovirus as the helper. AAV DNA synthesized in the presence of HSV has been reported to be infectious (Boucher et al., 1971). Additionally, AAV antigens in cells co-infected with HSV are detectable by means of a fluorescent antibody staining technique (Atchison, 1970 Blacklow et al, 1970 Blacklow et al, 1971 Johnson et al., 1972). However, no infectious particles can be recovered with HSV as the helper. Interestingly, antisera to both AAV-specific SDS-polypeptides and virion protein stain the infected cells. 

Used as 5mM aq. soln. for extraction-photometric detn. of K, Cd ( 96000), Pb, Mn, Zn, Ag used as adsorption and fluorescent indicator. Diagnostic aid (dental disclosing agent). Radiopaque medium. Biological stain. Dye used in food, feed additives, flavours and printing inks. Brown powder. Sol. H2O giving cherry-red soln. 

Used as adsorption fluorescent indicator for detn. of Br , Cl , I , SCN . Reddish-brown powder. Sol. H2O prac. insol. EtOH. 

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