Ethoxylated alkyl amine

Antistatic agents are ionic substances, such as inorganic salts or organic materials, which attract water molecules. Outstanding materials are derived from the fatty amide and amine chemistry, such as ethoxylated alkyl amines, glycerolmonostearate, fatty alkanolamines, and sodium alkylsulfonates (C12-C16 alkyl groups are preferred because of low loss by evaporation). 

Ethoxylated alkyl amines in pesticide formulations were separated using two different columns a cyano-modified silica column to determine the alkyl distribution and an amino-modified column to determine the ethylene oxide distribution [88]. The detection, specific for ethoxylated amine, was performed with a post-column ion-pair extraction system and fluorescence detection. 

Protox. [Protameen] Ethoxylated alkyl amines cosmetics ingredients. 

Trymeen . [Henkel/Emiery] Ethoxylated alkyl amine andstat ernulsifter, lubricant dye assistant for textiles, industrial lubricants, metal buffing, latex rubber con diiig. 

Ethylene oxide adds easlily to an alkyl amine without catalyst forming alkyl diethanol amines or ethoxylated alkyl amines as mentioned previously (pseudocationic nonionics as discussed in Sec. 1.2.6). Primary amine and acylated polyamine ethoxylation brings forth milder and low-toxic surfactants. 

Applications. The ethoxylated alkyl amines have various application fields they are generally exploited for their capacity of adsorbing on surfaces. They are emulsifying agents in agrochemical emulsions, wax emulsions, and two-phase emulsion cleaners. They act as a processing aid in rayon production. They are used to coat asphalt or bitumen, helping them to adhere on wet surfaces. They are also used as corrosion inhibitors in oil refineries. 

In personal care, ethoxylated alkyl amines are used as emulsifiers and hair conditioning agents. Ethoxylated amido-amines find applications in rinse fabric softeners. 

Ethoxylation of alkyl amine ethoxylates is an economical route to obtain the variety of properties required by numerous and sometimes smaH-volume industrial uses of cationic surfactants. Commercial amine ethoxylates shown in Tables 27 and 28 are derived from linear alkyl amines, ahphatic /-alkyl amines, and rosin (dehydroabietyl) amines. Despite the variety of chemical stmctures, the amine ethoxylates tend to have similar properties. In general, they are yellow or amber Hquids or yellowish low melting soHds. Specific gravity at room temperature ranges from 0.9 to 1.15, and they are soluble in acidic media. Higher ethoxylation promotes solubiUty in neutral and alkaline media. The lower ethoxylates form insoluble salts with fatty acids and other anionic surfactants. Salts of higher ethoxylates are soluble, however. Oil solubiUty decreases with increasing ethylene oxide content but many ethoxylates with a fairly even hydrophilic—hydrophobic balance show appreciable oil solubiUty and are used as solutes in the oil phase. 

Ethoxylated methylcarboxylates Propoxyethoxy glyceryl sulfonate Alkylpropoxyethoxy sulfate as surfactant, xanthan, and a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate Carboxymethylated ethoxylated surfactants (CME) Polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate Polyethylene glycols, propoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates Mixtures of sulfonates and nonionic alcohols Combination of lignosulfonates and fatty amines Alkyl xylene sulfonates, polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, octaethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC), nonionic pentadecylethoxylated nonylphenol (NP-15), and nonionic octaethylene glycol N-dodecyl ether Dimethylalkylamine oxides as cosurfactants and viscosifiers (N-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide Petrochemical sulfonate and propane sulfonate of an ethoxylated alcohol or phenol Petrochemical sulfonate and a-olefin sulfonate... 

P. R. Hart. Method of breaking water-in-oil emulsions by using quaternary alkyl amine ethoxylates. Patent US 5250174, 1993. 

The most common nonionic surfactants are those based on ethylene oxide, referred to as ethoxylated surfactants. Several classes can be distinguished alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers (sometimes referred to as polymer surfactants). Another important class of nonionics are the multihydroxy products such as glycol esters, glycerol (and polyglycerol) esters, glucosides (and polyglucosides), and sucrose esters. Amine oxides and sulfinyl surfactants represent nonionic with a small head group. 

Cleaning composition for manual dishwashing comprises cationic, ethoxylated nonionic, amine oxide, and alkyl polyglucoside surfactants... 

The main nonionic cosofteners are fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty amines, or lanolin derivatives. To the cationic-anionic systems belong ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, or fatty acids [5,6,10]. In all the blends, the weight ratio of DHTDMAC to the cosoftener is always greater than unity [10]. 

The corrosion inhibitors are usually heterocyclic amines. The flocculants are polyamines, surfactants are alkyl aryl sulfonates and ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and the paraffin inhibitors are usually alkyl or aryl polyethers. 

Fatty acids are raw materials for fatty amines, ethoxylated fatty amines, quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats), fatty acid-polyamine condensates, fabric softeners based on esterquats, fatty add amides, alkyl keten dimers for paper sizing and amphoteric surfactants. Binding of oleic add anhydride to cellulose fibre by chemical grafting is a recently introduced sustainable process to protect construction timber for outdoor use, such as pinewood shutters, from moisture and outside attack. Impregnation of the wood involves two stages firstly in an autoclave, where vacuum and pressure ensure its penetration, and then in a tank where the wood is soaked in a bath of anhydride, to encourage grafting of the anhydride on the wood. ... 

Other nonionic surfactant molecules include the ethoxylated alkyl phenols, which strongly absorb UV light, and the ethoxylated fatty acids, fatty esters and alcanolamides, which are slightly UV-absorbing nonionic surfactants [6]. The amine oxides, such as the alkyl dimethyl amine oxides ... 

As in the all-purpose cleaners, specialty cleaners generally have a combination of surfactants for most effective cleaning. These are usually combinations of anionic and nonionic surfactants. However, as was noted in the discussions above, there are times when solely nonionic surfactants are needed. Over the past 20 years, the household cleaners have gradually made more and more use of amine oxide, betaines, and more specialized nonionics. Amine oxides were always well used in hypochlorite-containing products, but are now used in other cleaners as well. However, the use of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates are still very prevalent. As stated before, the main choice of surfactant is dictated by the other chemistry in the cleaner—acid, alkaline, bleach, and quats. 

Alkylbenzene sulfonate, paraffin sulfonate, secondary alkanesulfonate, soap, ethoxylated alcohol sulfate, alcohol-sulfate, dialkyldiphenylether disulfonate Ethoxylated phenol, ethoxylated alcohol, amine oxide, alkanolamide, alkyl polyglucoside, alkyl polyalkylene glycol ether Phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, citrate, gluconate, polyacrylate, EDTA-salt, phosphonate Alcohol, alcohol glycol ether, pine oil, rt-limonene Sodium/potassium hydroxide, alkanol-amine, ammonia, magnesium hydroxide Sodium xylenesulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, dialkyldiphenylether disulfonate... 

Nonionic surfactant Ethoxylated phenol, ethoxylated alcohol, amine oxide, alkanolamide, carbamates, alkyl polyglycoside 0-5... 

Amine oxides are produced by oxidation of tertiary alkyl amines, for example, dimethyl or ethoxylated amines, with hydrogen peroxide. They are excellent foamers, so that in combination with anionics, small amounts can act as foam boosters and can improve the foam structure. Like betaines, they are good thickeners for anionic surfactants. In addition, amine oxides are good conditioning agents in hair rinses. They are commercially available as 30-50% aqueous solutions. 

Continuous sulfation of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols by a mixture of air/sulfur trioxide in a thin-film reactor (as for alkyl sulfonates), which is immediately (to avoid autohydrolysis) followed by neutralization typically with sodium hydroxide but also with ammonia or alkyl-amines to give the corresponding salts. The chemical reaction is as follows ... 

Catofor 02, 05, 06, 09, 15 Glovers Ltd., UK Ethoxylated amines A -bis-2-hydrox-ethyl-alkyl amine... 

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