Paraffin Inhibitors

The techniques of paraffin removal and paraffin prevention have been reviewed [810]. In particular, inhibitors for paraffin deposits are copolymers of ethylene with vinylacetate [525-527,1597] or polymers from p-nonylphenyl methacrylate and p-dodecylphenyl methacrylate [773]. These materials lower the pour point of the oil. It has been shown that for oils which differ in the content of n-paraffins and asphalt-resinous substances, it is necessary to use blends of copolymers of different compositions and molecular weights to obtain optimal efficiency. Polyacrylamide and wastes from the production of glycerol with a concentration of 400 mg/liter of oil have also been claimed to be effective as paraffin inhibitors [536]. 

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Cristante, M., Selves, J.L., Grassy, G. and Colin, J.P. (1993). Structure-Activity Relationship Study on Paraffin Inhibitors for Crude Oils (Inipar Model II). Anal.Chim.Acta, 274,303-316. 

DodifhmBrands. [HoechstAG] Ethylene ct lymers and wetting agents paraffin inhibitors for nod. of crude oil, flow inqrtovers for middle distillates. 

Production chemicals are used in relatively much smaller quantities, but significant proportions are discharged into the environment. The chemicals include biocides, scale and corrosion inhibitors, flocculants, surfactants, and paraffin inhibitors. The commonly used biocides include glutaraldehyde, quaternary amine salts, and, to a much smaller extent, some thiocarbamates, isothiazolin, and hypochlorite. Other biocides include Bioban P-1487 (80%... 

The corrosion inhibitors are usually heterocyclic amines. The flocculants are polyamines, surfactants are alkyl aryl sulfonates and ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and the paraffin inhibitors are usually alkyl or aryl polyethers. 

Uses Corrosion inhibitor, demulsifier, pour pt. depressant, paraffin inhibitor, paraffin solvent, bactericide, scale inhibitor, oxygen scavenger, antilbamforoil and gas prod. coagulant, flocculant for water treatment fuel additive, process additive in refining... 

Caloria HT43. Caloria HT 43, manufactured by Exxon Co., is a paraffinic-based oil that is compounded with an oxidation inhibitor. 

Petro-Canada Oils. Petro-Canada manufactures three oils specially refined for use as heat-transfer fluids. Calflo EG is a semisynthetic, paraffinic heat-transfer fluid specifically developed for use in systems where incidental contact with food may result. Calflo AE is a saturated paraffinic oil containing inhibitors to minimise oxidation. Calflo HTE is a saturated paraffinic oil inhibited to minimise oxidation. 

Almost all premium lubricants are so-called paraffinic oils composed primarily of both paraffinic and aUcycUc stmctures, with only a minor portion of aromatics. When stabilized with an oxidation inhibitor and fortified with other appropriate additives, these paraffinic—aUcycUc compositions provide nonsludging oils that are satisfactory for almost any type of service. 

In petroleum and oxygenate finish removers, the major ingredient is normally acetone, methyl ethyl ketone [78-93-3], or toluene. Cosolvents include methanol, / -butanol [71-36-3], j -butyl alcohol [78-92-2], or xylene [1330-20-7]. Sodium hydroxide or amines are used to activate the remover. Paraffin wax is used as an evaporation retarder though its effectiveness is limited because it is highly soluble in the petroleum solvents. CeUulose thickeners are sometimes added to liquid formulas to assist in pulling the paraffin wax from the liquid to form a vapor barrier or to make a thick formula. Corrosion inhibitors are added to stabili2e tbe formula for packaging (qv). 

A. G. Sharov, R. A. Terteryan, L. I. Burova, and L. A. Shulgaitser. Effect of a copolymer inhibitor of paraffin deposits on oils of various fields. Neft Khoz, (9) 55-58, September 1989. 

Dining the 16-day contact of the first 250 kg portion of chlorinated paraffin with the 150 kg residue of previously processed accelerator, the 1% inhibitor content of the former became depleted or exhausted by adsorption and/or reaction, reducing the thermal stability of the liquid phase. 

Other paint stripper ingredients include surface-active agents (surfactants), emulsifiers, thickeners, sealants, and corrosion inhibitors. Thickeners such as methyl cellulose derivatives are used to thicken the stripper so that it can be brushed onto vertical surfaces. Sealants snch as crude or refined paraffin act to retard evaporation of the CH2CI2 so that the stripper remains effective over a long period of time. 

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