Cleaning effectiveness

Self-cleaning effect Slight Medium/High High Low... 

Schreiber found that the monoalkylation of the lithium enolate of cyclonona-none with propene oxide could be cleanly effected by addition of AlMe3 to give the y-hydroxy ketone 145, a key intermediate for the synthesis of recifeiolide [69a]. 

FIG. 36 Synergistic mixture of alkane- (paraffin) sulfonates (PS) and fatty alcohol ether sulfates (FAES). Cleaning effect in miniplate test at 50°C, tap water (12° German hardness), 0.075 g of active surfactant mixture per liter. 

O2 plasma treatment was also effective for the improvement of photocatalytic activity. Although the improvement was not as high as H2+Ar or N2+Ar plasma treatments, O2 plasma treated films show photocatalytic activities up to 1.3 times higher under UV-A and up to 1.7 times higher under fluorescent light than an untreated film. According to ESCA analysis, the improvements seem to attribute to the cleaning effect of O2 plasma. 

The [4+ 4]-cycloaddition reaction of tethered bis-dienes has been used by Wender and co-workers in total synthesis as exemplified in syntheses of ( )-salsolene oxide and (-l-)-asteriscanolide (Scheme 28). In the synthesis of ( )-salsolene oxide, a nickel(0)-catalyst cleanly effects the cycloaddition of the two conjugated dienes in compound 93 to afford the bicyclo[5.3.1]undecadiene in a good yield and with moderate selectivity.99 The first synthesis of (-l-)-asteriscanolide was accomplished in only 13 steps. The key [4+ 4]-cycloaddition reaction efficiently set the requisite eight-membered ring of (-l-)-asteriscanolide in good yield and with excellent diastereoselectivity.100 The diastereoselective [4 + 4]-cycloaddition has also been applied to the synthesis of the core ring system found in several sesterterpenes such as the ophiobolins (Scheme 28).101... 

P7.06.08. /3 is the fraction poisoned. The ratio, with the clean effectiveness, r/c. For a given mouth deactivation is more serious than uniform. 

This is a classical mechanistically developed equation, and the interpretation of the water effect is that water replaces surface carbon through a cleaning effect, and also acts as a source of hydrogen. The net effect is reported to be an increase in the population of CH.v-specics which in turn leads to higher CO consumption and also a higher chain growth probability. 

Detergent enzymes, 10 273—286 cleaning effects of, 10 275 functions of, 10 274—275 performance evaluation of, 10 276—278 Detergent fragrances, 18 362 Detergent industry... 

Clean effectively and efficiently regardless of cleaning conditions... 

In the development of the protein-fatty acid condensates it was possible to combine the renewable resources fatty acids (from vegetable oil) and protein, which can be obtained from both animal waste (leather) as well as from many plants, to construct a surfactant structure with a hydrophobic (fatty acid) and a hydrophilic (protein) part (Fig. 4.12). This was carried out by reacting protein hydrolysate with fatty acid chloride under Schotten-Baumann conditions using water as solvent. Products are obtained that have an excellent skin compatibility and, additionally, a good cleaning effect (particularly on the skin) and, in combination with other surfactants, lead to an increase in performance. For instance, even small additions of the acylated protein hydrolysate improve the skin compatibility. An... 

When all the commodities and supplies have been selected, the stability of the analyte in the rinse or swab solution must be determined. This should be done at more than one concentration and if analyte determination is noted, refrigeration or freezing of the solutions should be evaluated, to extend the analysts testing window. Degraded out-of-date samples will give lower numbers than true numbers and a false sense of cleaning effectiveness. 

Some stripper harvesters are equipped with onboard cleaners that have cleaning effectiveness of up to 50 percent. Their cleaning effectiveness depends, however, on machine adjustment and on other factors not yet identified. In one test, big differences in cleaning performance have been shown to exist between identical harvesters operating under Identical field conditions (2. This study is continuing and should lead to improved stripper-mounted cleaner performance. 

The cleaning effect of rain is important in the corrosion process. In many cases this variable is significant, as well as the inclusion of time of rain as an independent variable in explaining the influence of different parameters in atmospheric corrosion rate of basic metals. 

In the presence of a given value of chloride deposition rate, an acceleration of corrosion takes place this acceleration means that corrosion increases with time. At the same time, the acceleration of corrosion caused by chlorides depends on the washing or cleaning effect of rain. Under this condition the following model is proposed ... 

It has been considered that the washing or cleaning effect of rain could be represented by the ratio W/D (amount of rain/frequency of rain). This washing effect could affect the influence of chloride deposition rate on corrosion. 

The washing and cleaning effect of rain is not included and is far from the concept of TOW established on ISO 9223 standard. 

TOW-ISO does not take into account the washing and cleaning effect of rain, a very important aspect in atmospheric corrosion outdoors. 

The cleaning composition may be used in concentrated or diluted form for cleaning soil from glass and metal parts, among others. This microemulsion shows that, by combining water and oil, metal surfaces can be cleaned effectively. This becomes possible because both oil- and water-soluble dirt is removed by the microemulsion. 

The residual noble metals present in their metallic form are usually oxidized by the dissolved oxygen naturally contained in solutions ( E002/H20 = -I-1.23 V in acid media) if no other oxidant species are intentionally added (case of IMD). As shown in Fig. 22, copper can be satisfactorily removed and therefore cleaned in HF mixtures since the dissolved oxygen concentration is sufficient. Of course, this cleaning effect does not occur when using a reducing agent as a corrosion inhibitor. 

Carryover. Small amounts of analyte may get carried over from the previous injection and contaminate the next sample to be injected [10]. The carryover will affect the accurate quantitation of the subsequent sample. The problem is more serious when a dilute sample is injected after a concentrated sample. To avoid cross-contamination from the preceding sample injection, all the parts in the injector that come into contact with the sample (the injection loop, the injection needle, and the needle seat) have to be cleaned effectively after the injection. The carryover can be evaluated by injecting a blank after a sample that contains a high concentration of analyte. The response of the analyte found in the blank sample expressed as a percentage of the response of the concentrated sample can be used to determine the level of carryover. Caffeine can be used for the system carryover test for assessing the performance of an injector and serves as a common standard for comparing the performance of different injectors. 

The high hardness of chromium oxide resulting from its crystal structure is exploited in polishing agents for metals and in brake linings. Addition of a small amount of chromium oxide to magnetic materials of audio and video tapes imparts a self-cleaning effect to the sound heads. 

Soap or detergent molecules bound to calcium or magnesium ions tend to be insoluble in water. As they come out of solution, they form a scum that can appear as a ring around the bathtub. Because the soap or detergent molecules are tied up with calcium and magnesium ions, more of the cleanser must be added to maintain cleaning effectiveness. 

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