Polyglucosides, alkyl

Nonionic Surfactants Alkyl Polyglucosides, edited by Dieter Balzer and Ha raid Luders... 

APG, alkyl polyglucoside FAA, fatty acid alkanolamide FAEO, fatty alcohol ethoxylate FAES, fatty alcohol ether sulfate FAGA, fatty acid glucamide FAS, fatty alcohol sulfate LAS, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate SAS, secondary alkanesulfonate. 

In the production of alkyl polyglucosides unreacted higher alcohols like C12-C14 are left in the product. It is possible to remove these unreacted alcohols by solvent extraction with SC ethane ( Sridhar and Mullar, 1995). 

SPECTROMETRY—IV. NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS LC-MS OF ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES AND ALKYL GLUCAMIDES... 

Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) and alkyl glucamides (AG) are non-ionic surfactants produced on the basis of renewable feedstocks such as glucose and fatty alcohols, which are derived from starch and palm oil, respectively. 

Fig. 2.7.8. MALDI-TOF-MS mass spectrum of Ci2-alkyl polyglucoside (from [7]).

The development of an easy-to-handle method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of surfactants in consumer products was the goal for applying ESI in the FIA-MS(+/—) mode by direct infusion into the mass spectrometer. In this way Ci2, Ci4, Ci6 and Ci8 ASs could be determined besides other anionics (LASs, alkylcarboxylates), nonionics (alkyl polyglucosides (APGs)) and cationics (quats and ester-quats). The methods applied for concentration and determination (MS-MS) helped to identify the compounds and in addition deuterated internal standards were applied for confirmation [57]. 

Quite often the most crucial parameter for SPE of compounds for which no enrichment techniques for environmental samples can be found in the literature is the selection of the proper SPE material. For example, during extraction of the two non-ionic surfactants, alkyl glucamides (AGs) and alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) from a spiked WWTP effluent (5 xgL-1) using RP-C18 cartridges, it was found that this material was unsuitable for quantitative enrichment (recovery <30%). Satisfactory results were obtained using PS-DVB material (Lichrolut EN) [45] (Table 3.1.2). 

ABS AE AE/P AES AG AOS APEO APG AS BiAS BM c6(EO)3 CNPEC CTAS D DATS DCPEG DEEDMAC branched alkylbenzene sulfonate alcohol ethoxylate alcohol ethoxylate/propoxylate alkylether sulfate alkyl glucamide a-olefin sulfonate alkylphenol ethoxylate alkyl polyglucoside alkyl sulfate bismuth active substances alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium triethylene glycol monohexyl ether carboxylated nonylphenoxy carboxylates cobalt thiocyanate active substances R2S10(o.5)2 dialkyl tetralinsulfonate dicarboxylated PEG ditallow ester of di(hydroxyethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride... 

Alkyl polyglucoside carboxylate (INCI-name Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate (and) Lauryl Glucoside, Plantapon LGC SORB) is a new anionic surfactant with excellent performance for personal care cleansing applications. In shampoo and shower bath formulations the anionic surfactant shows a good foaming behavior. In body wash applications it improves sensorial effects. These properties make Plantapon LGC SORB suitable for several cosmetic applications, e.g., mild facial wash gel, mild baby shampoo, mild body wash for sensitive skin, wet wipes, and special sulfate-free shampoo applications. 

Steber, J, W. Guhl, N. Stelter, and F.R. Schroder. 1995. Alkyl polyglucosides—ecological evaluation of a new generation of nonionic surfactants. Tenside Surf. Deterg. 32, 515-521. 

The industrial pro cess is b ased on the Fischer synthesis and commercial development work started some 25 years ago. Once a route using coconut-based alcohols had been established, full-scale plants became viable and alcohol blends are now used to control hydrophobicity of the molecules produced. Thus, products based on C8 alcohols are water soluble and those based on C18 are virtually insoluble. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of pure alkyl glucosides and CulCu alkyl polyglucoside (APG) are comparable with those of a typical non-ionic surfactant and decrease with increasing alkyl chain length. 

The hydrophilic part of the alkyl polyglucoside is derived from a carbohydrate source, and raw material costs increase in the order starch/glucose syrup/glucose monohydrate/water free glucose while plant equipment requirements and hence cost decrease in the same order. 

DeSULF Series Sulphates and ether sulphates Alkyl polyglucosides and sulphonates... 

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