Ethoxylated fatty amines

A significant use of ethoxylated and propoxylated amines is as antistatic agents (qv) in the textile and plastics industry (86). Ethoxylates are also used in the agricultural area as adjuvants. Ethoxylated fatty amines and derivatives are available from Akzo Chemicals Inc. (Ethomeen) (73) Henkel Corporation (Trymeen) (87) GAE Chemicals Corporation (RhcJ)ne Poulenc) (Katapol) (88) Jetco Chemicals Inc. (The Procter Gamble Company) (fet Amine) (75) Mazer Chemicals (PPG Industries) (Mazeen) (89) Sherex (Adogen) (76) and Tomah Products (Exxon Chemical Company) (Tomah E) (77). 

Nonionic surfactants perform well in nonpolar polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Examples of nonionic surfactants ate ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty diethanolamides, and mono- and diglycetides (see Amines, fatty amines Alkanolamines). Amphoteric surfactants find Httle use in plastics (134). 

Table 5. Static Decay Times of Ethoxylated Fatty Amines in High Density Polyethylene...

J. A. Dougherty, B. T. Outlaw, and B. A. Oude Alink. Corrosion inhibition by ethoxylated fatty amine salts of maleated unsaturated acids. Patent US 5582792, 1996. 

Ethoxylated fatty esters, emulsifiers, detergents, and dispersants, 8 710t Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, microemulsions based on, 16 428 Ethoxylated surfactants, 24 142, 148 Ethoxylates, 24 149-151 Ethoxylation, fatty amines, 2 523 2-Ethoxypyridine, 21 104 Ethoxyquin, 10 854 13 42t, 51 2-Ethyl-1-butanol... 

Butyl benzyl phthalate Ethoxylated fatty amines... 

In the dyeing process, the pH is adjusted with sulfuric acid to 1.9-2.2 (pH 2.5 in the presence of auxiliary agents). After addition of sodium sulfate, the dyebath is heated to 40-50°C then the dissolved dye is added. Dyeing is carried out at boiling temperature for 90 min. The material is then cooled and rinsed ammonia or sodium acetate can be added to the last rinsing bath. A lowering of the dyeing temperature to 80 °C is possible in the presence of an ethoxylated fatty amine (pH 1.9-2.2). 

Aftertreatment. After dyeing, an afterwash is always indicated to remove the disperse dye attached to the wool. The materials are treated with an ethoxylated fatty amine in a weakly acidic liquor at 60°C. Reductive aftertreatment is possible only in the case of appropriately stable wool dyes. 

The most common nonionic surfactants are those based on ethylene oxide, referred to as ethoxylated surfactants. Several classes can be distinguished alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers (sometimes referred to as polymer surfactants). Another important class of nonionics are the multihydroxy products such as glycol esters, glycerol (and polyglycerol) esters, glucosides (and polyglucosides), and sucrose esters. Amine oxides and sulfinyl surfactants represent nonionic with a small head group. 

HENKEL CORP. EMERY GROUP TRYMEEN Ethoxylated Fatty Amines ... 

Mineral oils, paraffin and other waxes, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, ethoxylated glycerides, ethoxylated fatty amines, and esters of fatty alcohols and acids have also been used in fabric softening [52], and also nonionic actives such as glycols, sorbitol, and urea, but in combination with a charged active. 

The main nonionic cosofteners are fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, ethoxylated fatty amines, or lanolin derivatives. To the cationic-anionic systems belong ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, or fatty acids [5,6,10]. In all the blends, the weight ratio of DHTDMAC to the cosoftener is always greater than unity [10]. 

The stability of these products is governed not only by their composition but also by mechanical factors. The finished product is shear sensitive. From a formulation standpoint, usual actives do not enable the production of storage-stable concentrated products without incorporating emulsifiers such as fatty esters, ethoxylated fatty amines, or amides, and the viscosity must be further adjusted using inorganic salts. Moreover, the formulation of concentrates requires alcohol-reduced grades... 

Chemeen. [Chemax] Ethoxylated fatty amines emulsifier, antstat, dye leveler, wetting agent, dispersant in textiles, metal bu g, rubber compds. lubricant fix fiberglass. 

Hetoxamine. [Heterene] Ethoxylated fatty amines emulsifier, serfitener, and-stat, water rqiellent, dreizing agent in agr ture, waxes, mis, tmtdlefieather, metal cleanirig. 

Katapol . [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] Ethoxylated fatty amines emulsifier, textile dyeing assistant antiprecipitant leveling agent... 

Neolisal. [Seppic] Ethoxylated fatty amine stripping agent... 

Noramox. [CecaSA] Ethoxylated fatty amines emulsifier, drying assistant, rust inhibitor andstat for ABS, PS metal treatment... 

Rhodameen . [Rhcme-Poulenc Surf. Rhone-Poulenc France] Ethoxylated fatty amines wetting agent, penetrant, emulsifier, stabilizer, disposant, antistat, lubricant, textile dyeing assistant, antiprecipitant, stripping agent, level-ii% i ent, conosion inhibitor, scouring ent... 

Addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to fatty amines prepared from naturally occurring fatty acids encounters no difficulties. The reaction results in surfactants of mainly nonionic character those are characterised by better compatibility with anionics and moderate toxicity in comparison to initial amines. The ethoxylated fatty amines found application in textile finishing, acidic cleaners and cosmetics. Commercial ethoxylated fatty amines are known, for example, as Ethomeen , Genamin C/O/S/T , Imbentin-CAM/OTM , Marlazin , and Rhodameen/Cemulcat series of Akzo Nobel, Clariant, Kolb, Condea, and Rhodia, respectively. 

Mild amine oxide with hydroxyethyl groups in the polar moiety can be also produced by oxidation of ethoxylated fatty amine. 

For nonpolar polyolefins, nonionic antistatics are the most commonly used. These include ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty acid esters, ethanolamides, and poiy-ethylene glycol-esters. The amount used in LDPE is typically around 0.05%. For packaging of electronics, which can be highly sensitive to damage caused by static charges, considerably higher levels are used, up to 10% by weight. 

Fatty acids are raw materials for fatty amines, ethoxylated fatty amines, quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats), fatty acid-polyamine condensates, fabric softeners based on esterquats, fatty add amides, alkyl keten dimers for paper sizing and amphoteric surfactants. Binding of oleic add anhydride to cellulose fibre by chemical grafting is a recently introduced sustainable process to protect construction timber for outdoor use, such as pinewood shutters, from moisture and outside attack. Impregnation of the wood involves two stages firstly in an autoclave, where vacuum and pressure ensure its penetration, and then in a tank where the wood is soaked in a bath of anhydride, to encourage grafting of the anhydride on the wood. ... 

Ethoxylated fatty amines are 48 percent of the market, aliphatic sulfonates 25 percent, fatty acid esters 16 percent, quaternary ammonium compounds 2 percent, others 9 percent. 

Akzo Chemie Method VV3.001 Ethoxylated fatty amines/diamines Determination of equivalent mass. 

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