Sodium/potassium

Phosphine can be prepared by the reaction of a strong alkali with white phosphorus potassium, sodium and barium hydroxides may be used ... 

Rochelle salt, see Potassium sodium tartrate 4-water Rock crystal, see Silicon dioxide Rutile, see Titanium(IV) oxide... 

Chloroform Aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, aluminum chloride, ethylene, powerful oxidants... 

Phosphorus pentachloride Aluminum, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chlorine trioxide, fluorine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, diphosphorus trioxide, potassium, sodium, urea, water... 

Phosphorus trichloride Acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl dichloride, dimethylsulfoxide, hydroxylamine, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, sodium water... 

Potassium sodium alloy Air, carbon dioxide, carbon disulflde, halocarbons, metal oxides... 

In iadustry, chemical reductioa is preferred over electrolytic processes for potassium productioa. AppHcatioa of the Dowa s electrolytic sodium process to produce potassium has aot beea successful. Potassium—sodium ahoy is easily prepared by the reactioa of sodium with molten KCl, KOH, or sohd K2CO3 powder (see Sodiumand sodiumalloys). 

The technology is based on the rapid equhibrium estabUshed between the reactants and products at high temperatures. The equhibrium shifts to the product side when potassium is removed continuously by distihation through a packed column. This process can produce high purity potassium metal. Appropriate adjustments of conditions give a wide range of potassium—sodium ahoys of specified compositions. 

Potassium of 98—99.5% purity is suppHed in carbon steel or stainless steel dmms and cylinders. Potassium—sodium alloy is shipped in carbon or stainless steel containers (3, 10, 25, 200, 750 lbs (1.36, 4.54, 11.3, 90.7, and 340-kg)) having dip tubes and valves. 

MetaHic potassium and potassium—sodium alloys are made by the reaction of sodium with fused KCl (8,98) or KOH (8,15). Calcium metal and calcium hydride are prepared by the reduction of granular calcium chloride with sodium or sodium and hydrogen, respectively, at temperatures below the fusion point of the resulting salt mixtures (120,121). 

Sodium and Potassium. Sodium and potassium can be deterrnined by either atomic emission or absorption. Large concentrations of sodium can interfere with the potassium deterrnination in either of these methods. Excess sodium can be added to both the potassium standards and samples to minimize any variations in the samples. Proper positioning of the flame helps reduce sodium interference in atomic absorption. 

Potassium sodium copper chlorophyllin (chiorophyllin—copper complex)—A green-black powder obtained from chlorophyll by replacing the methyl and phytyl ester groups with alkaH and replacing the magnesium with copper. The source of the chlorophyll is dehydrated alfalfa. 

Potassium sodium tartrate (4H2O) [6381-59-5 (4H2O) 304-59-6 (R.R)] M 282.3. Crystd from distilled water (1.5mL/g) by cooling to 0°. 

Parts Potassium sodium tartrate 4 Parts Tartaric acid... 

Fig. 2.30. SAM map offractured SiC after sintering with B addition [2.167], (a)-(d) elemental maps in boron, potassium, sodium, and oxygen, respectively. (E), (F) point analyses at points A and B, respectively.

Specifically, an alkali is a hydroxide of one of the alkali or alkaline earth metals. Examples include tlie hydroxides of potassium, sodium, and calcium (where X is K, Na, and Ca, respectively). 

Certain metals/alloys - the alkali metals (lidiium, potassium, sodium) and even some metals/ alloys which undergo slow oxidation or are rendered passive in bulk form but which, in the finely divided state, inflame immediately when exposed to oxygen (e.g. aluminium, magnesium, zirconium). 

The alkynylation of estrone methyl ether with the lithium, sodium and potassium derivatives of propargyl alcohol, 3-butyn-l-ol, and propargyl aldehyde diethyl acetal in pyridine and dioxane has been studied by Miller. Every combination of alkali metal and alkyne tried, but one, gives the 17a-alkylated products (65a), (65c) and (65d). The exception is alkynylation with the potassium derivative of propargyl aldehyde diethyl acetal in pyridine at room temperature, which produces a mixture of epimeric 17-(3, 3 -diethoxy-T-propynyl) derivatives. The rate of alkynylation of estrone methyl ether depends on the structure of the alkyne and proceeds in the order propar-gylaldehyde diethyl acetal > 3-butyn-l-ol > propargyl alcohol. The reactivity of the alkali metal salts is in the order potassium > sodium > lithium. 

Potassium chloride is crystallized from sea bitterns containing chlorides of potassium, sodium and calcium by ammoniation (Jagadesh etai, 1992). This process is less energy intensive and more efficient than by fractional crystallization by evaporation, as the ammonia used is recovered by distillation. Crystallization produces a better quality product in terms of both size and purity than by other methods. 

Den Hertog and Overhoff - observed that when pyridine in sulfuric acid is added to molten potassium sodium nitrate the 3-nitro derivative is formed at 300°C, whereas at 450°C 2-nitropyridme is the main product. The latter is probably a free-radical process. Schorigin and Toptschiew obtained 7-nitroquinoline by the action of nitrogen peroxide on quinoline at 100°C, possibly through the homolytic addition of NOa. Laville and Waters reported that during the decomposition of pernitrous acid in aqueous acetic acid, quinoline is nitrated in the 6- and 7-positions. They considered that the reaction proceeds as shown in Scheme 3. 

Pinksalz, n, pink salt (ammonium chlorostan-nate, (NHilaSnCU less commonly, potassium sodium tartrate), -bad, n, pink-salt bath. Pinne,/, (Tech.) pin, peg, tack (of a hammer) peen quill feather. 

The Fermentation Process The process by which this antifungal substance is produced is an aerobic fermentation of an aquaous nutrient medium inoculated with a pimaricin-producing strain of Streptomycesgihrosporeus. The nutrient medium contains an assimilable source of carbon such as starch, molasses, or glycerol, an assimilable source of nitrogen such as corn steep liquor and Inorganic cations such as potassium, sodium or calcium, and anions such as sulfate, phosphate or chloride. Trace elements such as boron, molybdenum or copper are supplied as needed in the form of impurities by the other constituents of the medium. 

The choice of the anion ultimately intended to be an element of the ionic liquid is of particular importance. Perhaps more than any other single factor, it appears that the anion of the ionic liquid exercises a significant degree of control over the molecular solvents (water, ether, etc.) with which the IL will form two-phase systems. Nitrate salts, for example, are typically water-miscible while those of hexaflu-orophosphate are not those of tetrafluoroborate may or may not be, depending on the nature of the cation. Certain anions such as hexafluorophosphate are subject to hydrolysis at higher temperatures, while those such as bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide are not, but are extremely expensive. Additionally, the cation of the salt used to perform any anion metathesis is important. While salts of potassium, sodium, and silver are routinely used for this purpose, the use of ammonium salts in acetone is frequently the most convenient and least expensive approach. 

---