Epstein—Barr virus

Using gel electrophoresis and autoradiography to distinguish cellular from viral proteins, it was found that cellular protein synthesis was substantially suppressed within the first 4 hr of superinfection and this was not prevented by phosphonoacetic acid (Bayliss and Nonoyama, 1978) and so did not depend on replication of viral DNA. Others observed a slight initial stimulation of cellular protein synthesis, followed by a progressive decline between 6 and 24 hr after infection (Feighny et al., 1980 Bayliss and Wolf, 1981). 

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Burkitt s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoproliterative disorders in immuno-suppressed patients (e.g., AIDS, transplant recipients) EBNA-1 Inhibition of cell proliferation... 

Nasimuzzaman M, Kuroda M, Dohno S, Yamamoto T, Iwatsuki K, Matsuzaki S, Mohammad R, Kumita W, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T, Nakamura H, Taguchi T, Wakiguchi H, Imai S (2005) Eradication of Epstein-Barr virus episome and associated inhibition of infected tumor cell growth by adenovirus vector-mediated transduction of dominant-negative EBNAl. Mol Ther 11 578-590... 

Richardson JH, Child LA, Lever AM (1993) Packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA requires cis-acting sequences outside the 5 leader region, J Virol 67 3997 005 Roberts MR, Qin L, Zhang D, Smith DH, Tran AC, Dull TJ, Groopman JE, Capon DJ, Bym RA, Finer MH (1994) Targeting of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by CD8-I- T lymphocytes armed with universal T-cell receptors. Blood 84 2878-2889 Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, Loftin S, Li C, Krance RA, Brenner MK, Heslop HE (1995) Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lympho-proliferation. Lancet 345 9-13... 

Santamaria LF, Bheekha R, van Reijsen FC. Perez Soler MT, Suter M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA. Mudde GC Antigen focusing by specific monomeric immunoglobuhn E bound to CD23 on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. Hum Immunol 1993 37 23-30. 

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Enveloped, icosahedral particles 150nm in diameter Infections occur by salivary exchange. In young children they are commonly asymptomatic but the virus persists in a latent form in lymphocytes. Infection delayed until adolescence often results in glandularfever. In tropical Africa, a severe EBV infection early in life predisposes the child to malignant facial tumours (Burkitt s lymphoma)... 

EBV Epstein-Barr virus EC Endothelial cell ECD Electron capture detector ECE Endothelin-converting enzyme E-CEF Eosinophil cytotoxicity enhancing fector... 

Epstein-Barr virus Human T-lymphocyte virus (HTFV-1 and HTFV-2) Social Habits Cigarette smoking Maternal marijuana use Maternal ethanol use... 

CML Chronic myelogenous leukemia EBV Epstein-Barr virus... 

Ngo VN, Tang HL, Cyster JG. Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine is expressed by dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues and strongly attracts naive T cells and activated B cells. J Exp Med 1998 188(1) 181—191. 

There is hope that elderberry may also be effective against the AIDS virus as well as against herpes and Epstein-Barr viruses. Dr. Mumcuoglu s patented formula has been found to stimulate the body s own immune system by increasing the production of... 

Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] (ACV) is clinically useful in the treatment of infections caused by several members of the herpes virus (e.g., herpes simplex, varicella zoster and Epstein-Barr virus [2,38,39]). An enzyme coded for by the virus phosphorylates ACV to a monophosphate intermediate. This species in turn undergoes further phosphorylation to a triphosphate with the aid of normal cell enzymes. Then, ACV triphosphate inhibits the herpes virus DNA... 

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Epstein-Barr virus Herpes DNA... 

Maeda H, Katsuki T, Akaike T and Yasutake R. 1992. High correlation between lipid peroxide radical and tumor-promoter effect—suppression of tumor promotion in the Epstein-Barr-virus lymphocyte-B system and scavenging of alkyl peroxide radicals by various vegetable extracts. Jpn J Cancer Res 83(9) 923-928. 

Immunocytochemical methods were developed to detect specific antibodies in sera from patients affected by different infectious diseases. P3-HR1 cells, which express Epstein-Barr-virus-induced virus capsid antigens (VCA), were used to search for specific human IgM (class M immunoglobulins) to VCA in infectious mononucleosis patients. After treatment of cells with serial dilutions of sera, HRP-conjugated anti-IgM antibody was added and detected with CL substrate [25],... 

Inhibition and stimulation of LOX activity occurs as a rule by a free radical mechanism. Riendeau et al. [8] showed that hydroperoxide activation of 5-LOX is product-specific and can be stimulated by 5-HPETE and hydrogen peroxide. NADPH, FAD, Fe2+ ions, and Fe3+(EDTA) complex markedly increased the formation of oxidized products while NADH and 5-HETE were inhibitory. Jones et al. [9] also demonstrated that another hydroperoxide 13(5)-hydroperoxy-9,ll( , Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) (formed by the oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean LOX) activated the inactive ferrous form of the enzyme. These authors suggested that 13-HPOD attached to LOX and affected its activation through the formation of a protein radical. Werz et al. [10] showed that reactive oxygen species produced by xanthine oxidase, granulocytes, or mitochondria activated 5-LOX in the Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocytes. 

DNA viruses, such as adenoviruses and papovaviruses (e.g. polyoma and SV40), induce cellular transformation in rodents. Other viruses have been implicated in human cancers. Epstein-Barr virus, for example, has been implicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, (3-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin s lymphoma. Human papilloma virus is linked to most cervical cancers. 

Although Epstein-Barr virus is capable of inducing cellular transformation, few antibody-producing B-lymphocytes display the viral cell surface receptor. Most, therefore, are immune... 

Acute inflammatoiy demyelinating polyneuropathy is a common cause of reversible paralysis. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), the classic form of the Guillain-Barre syndrome, often begins a week or two after recovery from cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus or Mycoplasma infection. Patients present with rapidly advancing symmetrical weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, often with distal numbness, and limb or back pain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration is elevated, but in most cases there is little or no increase in number of inflammatory cells in the CSF. This albumino-cytologic dissociation contrasts with the elevation of both... 

Li+ has significant inhibitory effects upon DNA viruses, in particular HSV which has been studied in depth. It was originally shown that Li+ inhibits viral replication in a dose-dependent, reversible manner in HSV-infected baby hamster kidney cells [240], and this has been found to be due to a Li+-induced decrease in the synthesis of viral DNA [241]. It is now well established that Li+ inhibits DNA synthesis in HSV types 1 and 2 and in several other DNA viruses, including measles, vaccinia, adenovirus, poxvirus, pseudorabies virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and the bovine, equine, and canine HV s [241]. Interestingly, Li+ has no effect on the replication of RNA viruses, such as influenza or encephalomyo-carditis virus. 

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