Vegetables extraction

The determined macro- and microelement stmcture of mumio specifies onto the expediency of the application of this biologically active substance as a cosmetic raw material in the cosmetic compositions, which do not contain carbopol. The developed procedure for calcium and sodium ions determination in pectin-containing vegetative extracts is express and it is recommended for application at elaboration of cosmetic production compositions on the carbopol base. 

Pflanzen-asche, /. plant ashes, -aufguss, m plant infusion, -auszug, m, plant (or vegetable) extract, -base, /, vegetable base, (plant) alkaloid, -beachreibung, /, description of plants, phytography, -bestandteil,... 

Considering the concerns of consumers for synthetic colorants and interest in natural formulas, many food manufacturers seek alternative healthy solutions to replace colorants, even the regulated ones from positive lists (like p-carotene), with colored fruit and vegetable extracts to be used as functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals (food supplements). ... 

Plumb GW, Chambers SJ, Lambert N, Wanigatunga S and Williamson G. 1997a. Influence of fruit and vegetable extracts on lipid peroxidation in microsomes containing specific cytochrome P450s. Food Chem 60 161-164. 

Ramarathnam N, Ochi H, Takeuchi M. 1997. Antioxidative defense system in vegetable extracts. In Shahidi F, editor. Natural Antioxidants. Chemistry, Health Effects, and Applications. Champaign, IL AOCS Press, pp. 76-87. 

This method is relatively easy to use for anhydrous systems, but not for emulsions, foods, or biological media where the presence of water is detrimental. The method has been applied for determining antioxidant activity of both individual natural polyphenols and vegetable extracts. Methods based on this one have been used to evaluate the peroxide value in walnuts (Wilson-Kakashita and others 1995), mango seeds (Joseph 1995), almonds (Uthman and others 1998), and coconut cream powder (Yusof and others 2007). 

Azuma K, Ippoushi K, Ito H, Higashio H and Terao J. 1999. Evaluation of antioxidative activity of vegetable extracts in linoleic acid emulsion and phospholipid bilayers. J Sci Food Agric 79(14) 2010-2016. 

Maeda H, Katsuki T, Akaike T and Yasutake R. 1992. High correlation between lipid peroxide radical and tumor-promoter effect—suppression of tumor promotion in the Epstein-Barr-virus lymphocyte-B system and scavenging of alkyl peroxide radicals by various vegetable extracts. Jpn J Cancer Res 83(9) 923-928. 

Wise JA, Morin RJ, Sanderson R and Blum K. (1996). Changes in plasma carotenoid, alpha-tocopherol, and lipid peroxide levels in response to supplementation with concentrated fruit and vegetable extracts a pilot study. Curr Ther Res 57(6) 445 t61. 

A. Pieroni, D. Heimler and Y. Huand, A TLC method for the separation and identification of flavons and flavon glycosides from biflavons in vegetable extract. J. Plan. Chromatogr.—Mod. TLC. 11 (1998) 230-232. 

There are five basic sources of pharmaceuticals. By dollar value of products, fermentation is probably the most important, whereas by tonnage, chemical synthesis is dominant. Fermentation is used for antibiotics such as penicillins and tetracyclines. Chemical synthesis provides drugs such as the psychotropics and antihistamines. Animal extracts provide hormones. Biological sources lead to vaccines and serums. Vegetable extracts provide steroids and alkaloids. The top ten pharmaceutical companies in order of revenues are the following Merck, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johnson ... 

Moret et al. [280] applied precolumn derivatization with Dns-Cl and OPA to the same sample (vegetables) extracts and compared the results. Figure 19.6 reports HPLC traces obtained for a spinach sample (Kromasil C18 column, 250x4.6mm i.d., 5[tm particle size). 

Most active principles and pharmaceutical forms are processed in the presence of organic solvents or reagents. The current regulations on products generally restrict to a few p.p.m. the amount of residual solvent. This very low concentration level could favour the CO2 utilization when non-polar compounds have to be eliminated. On the other hand, the elimination of residual solvents from tablets, films or other pharmaceutical preparations in which organic solvent are involved has been addressed [15]. Another application is related to the removal of residues from medical materials such as monomers, additives or polymerization residues from polymers or elastomers. Purification of active principles includes elimination of other undesired molecules pesticides from some vegetal extracts, and antibacterials suspected of toxic co-extracts from natural sources. 

Raw and cooked vegetables Extract sample with THF + Na2S04 + MgC03. Spheri-5 ODS 5 pm 220 X 4.6 mm MeCN/CH2Cl2/ MeOH, 70 20 10 a-Carotene, all-/ran.v-/3-carotene (separated from ci.v-/3-carotenes) Vis 450 nm 166... 

Vegetables Extract sample with THF + Na2S04 + MgCOa + nonapreno-/3-carotene (internal standard). Partition into petroleum ether and water. Spheri-5 RP-18 5 /xm 220 X 4.6 mm MeCN/MeOH/ CH2C12, 55 22 23 a- and /3-Carotenes Vis 470 nm 84... 

Leafy vegetables, Extract homogenized material with Vydac 218 TP54 C,8 5 /zm... 

Another, and perhaps more obvious, development area is the constant search for new flavours and unusual ingredients. There is currently a great interest in the use of various botanical extracts such as guarana and ginseng because of their implied qualities, but it is noteworthy that one of the oldest and certainly the most successful flavours, cola, was originally formulated with, and still contains, a natural vegetable extract of cola nut. 

Besides genuine meat extracts, there are sold meat extracts mixed with vegetable extracts mixed extracts) or extracts formed from various ferments and vegetable extracts, or vegetable extracts alone. 

They vary widely in composition, but in general may be divided into Liqueurs free from sugar, such as absinthe liqueurs containing sugars and bitter substances, termed bitters, and true liqueurs, which contain sugars and essential oils or vegetable extracts. 

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