Varicella-zoster

In advanced AIDS, MM is usually associated with opportunistic infections such as CMV (Said et al. 1991 RouUet et al. 1994 Kolson and Gonzalez-Scarano 2001) or is secondary to lymphoma (Fuller et al. 1993). Despite a role for other herpes viruses in AIDS-associated myelitis, no substantive evidence has been published in support of a role for other vimses in the development of HIV-associated MM, including herpes simplex 1 or 2, varicella zoster, or Epstein Barr vims (Kolson and Gonzalez-Scarano 2001). MM can occur secondary to hepatitis B and C viruses, which are common co-infections of HIV-infected patients, particularly when there is an associated cryoglobulinemia (Taillan et al. 1993 Caniatti et al. 1996). Rarely... [Pg.59]

Acyclovir (aciclovir) Famciclovir r Herpes simplex and varicella zoster... [Pg.124]

Varicella/zoster ELISA in paralled with a standard varicella-zoster immunoglobulin Not less than lOOlUmh ... [Pg.319]

Viruses are a common cause of CAP in children (-65%) and much less common in adults ( 15%).8 Viruses often associated with pneumonia in adults include influenza A and B and adenoviruses, whereas less common causes include rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, and others. In children, viral pneumonia is caused more commonly by respiratory syncyntial virus, influenza A virus, and parainfluenza virus. The viruses associated with CAP in adults are much less common causes of pneumonia in children. [Pg.1050]

Later in life, approximately 15% of the population will develop herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the sensory ganglia. Approximately 20% of persons with herpes zoster will develop post-herpetic neuralgia, which is a painful debilitating condition that can persist for months after resolution of the herpes zoster rash. [Pg.1246]

The varicella vaccine is made up of an attenuated Oka strain of varicella zoster virus. This is a live attenuated vaccine. Attenuation was achieved by performing serial passages through human embryonic lung cells, embryonic guinea pig cells, and human diploid cells. [Pg.1246]

Children less than 12 years of age will have a 97% seroconversion rate following a single vaccination. Adolescents and adults more than 13 years old will only have 78% seroconversion after a single inoculation, but will have 99% conversion after the second vaccination administered 4 to 8 weeks after the first. Antibody titers appear to persist for at least 20 years following immunization. Despite excellent seroconversion rates, breakthrough chickenpox is reported at a rate of 1 case per 10,000 doses distributed. Most cases occurred within the first year following vaccination, and were due to wild-type varicella zoster virus. The majority of breakthrough cases were mild and of short duration.12... [Pg.1247]

Varicella vaccine should be administered after 12 months of age and a second dose at 4 years of age. Adolescents and adults without evidence of immunity to varicella zoster should receive two doses of varicella vaccine given 4 to 8 weeks apart. Varicella vaccine is available as a single-component vaccine or in combination with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. [Pg.1247]

Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] (ACV) is clinically useful in the treatment of infections caused by several members of the herpes virus (e.g., herpes simplex, varicella zoster and Epstein-Barr virus [2,38,39]). An enzyme coded for by the virus phosphorylates ACV to a monophosphate intermediate. This species in turn undergoes further phosphorylation to a triphosphate with the aid of normal cell enzymes. Then, ACV triphosphate inhibits the herpes virus DNA... [Pg.211]

Berkowitz FE, Levin MJ. Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed directly on fixed infected cell monolayers for evaluating drugs against varicella-zoster virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1985 28 207-210. [Pg.86]

The answer is c. (Katzung, pp 827-828J Famciclovir is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. It is activated by a viral kinase to a triphosphate. The triphosphate is a competitive substrate for DNA polymerase The incorporation of the famciclovir triphosphate into viral DNA results in chain termination. [Pg.85]

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Smallpox, pseudocowpox/paravaccinia, Varicella-zoster, tularemia, plague, parapox virus, Eczema herpeticum. [Pg.560]

Varicella zoster vaccines Live attenuated strain of Herpes virus... [Pg.398]

Toxoplasma gondii Mycobacterium avium complex Varicella zoster virus (VZV)... [Pg.460]

Varicella-zoster immune globulin, five vials (1.25 mL each) intramuscularly administered ideally within 48 hours of exposure but <96 hours (AIM)... [Pg.460]

Minson, A. C., Alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infection, In Topley and Wilson s Microbiology And Microbial Infections, 9th edn. Mahy, B. Collier, L., Eds. Arnold, London, 1998, Vol. 1, 325 339... [Pg.294]

Irwin, M. et al., Cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus in patients with major depression, J. Infect. Dis., 178 Suppl 1, S104, 1998. [Pg.523]

Oil-wet reservoirs, 73 614 Oily-soil detergency, 3 433-437 Ointments, ophthalmic, 73 716 Oka/Merck varicella-zoster virus, 25 496-497... [Pg.644]

M.J. Espy, J.R. Uhl, L.M. Sloan, J.E. Rosenblatt, F.R. Cockerill and T.F. Smith, Detection of Vaccinia virus, Herpes Simplex virus, Varicella-Zoster... [Pg.786]

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