Human immunodeficiency virus infected cells

Richardson JH, Child LA, Lever AM (1993) Packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA requires cis-acting sequences outside the 5 leader region, J Virol 67 3997 005 Roberts MR, Qin L, Zhang D, Smith DH, Tran AC, Dull TJ, Groopman JE, Capon DJ, Bym RA, Finer MH (1994) Targeting of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by CD8-I- T lymphocytes armed with universal T-cell receptors. Blood 84 2878-2889 Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, Loftin S, Li C, Krance RA, Brenner MK, Heslop HE (1995) Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lympho-proliferation. Lancet 345 9-13... 

Tashiro, A., Shoji, S. and Kubota, Y., 1989, Antimyristoylation of the gag proteins in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells with N-myristoyl glycinal diethylacetal resulted in inhibition of virus production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 1145-1154. 

Walker CM, Levy JA (1989) A diffusible lymphokine produced by CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses HIV replication. Immunology 66 628-630 Walker RE, Bechtel CM, Natarajan V, Baseler M, Hege KM, Metcalf JA, Stevens R, Hazen A, Blaese RM, Chen CC, Lehman SF, Palensky J, Wittes J, Davey RT, Falloon J, Polls MA, Ko-vacs JA, Broad DF, Levine BL, Roberts MR, Masur H, Lane HC (2000) Long-term in vivo survival of receptor-modified syngeneic T cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood 96 467 74... 

Lores P, Boucher V, Mackay C, Pla M, Von Boehmer H, Jami J, Barre-Sinoussi E, Weill JC (1992) Expression of human CD4 in transgenic mice does not confer sensitivity to human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8 2063-2071 Maddon PJ, Dalgleish AG, McDougal JS, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, Axel R (1986) The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell 47 333-348... 

In a biopsy of an AIDS patient s enlarged thymus (P4), the adipose involuted thymus, with persistence of many Hassall s corpuscles, was judged to be a large lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. This follicular hyperplasia was similar to that described for lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues at earlier stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection, before the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA and p 24 were detected in the hyperplastic germinal centers (lymphocytes and follicular dendritic infected cells) and also in many cells that may have been either lymphocytes or epithelial cells in the interfollicular areas. 

Schnittmann, S. M., Lane, H. C., Greenhouse, J., and Fauci, R. S., Preferential infection of CD4 + memory T cells by human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6058-6062 (1990). 

Embertson, J., Zupanic, M., Beneke, T., Till, M., Wolinsky, S., Ribas, J. L., Burke, A., and Haase, A. T. (1993) Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 357-361. 

Next, it was determined whether the same active regions of IFN- were involved in additional systems. The Type I IFN receptor on cells has been reported to be somewhat more promiscuous than on other cell types [16] therefore, vesicular stomatitis challenge of Fc-9 cells was performed. Only the carboxy-terminal peptide inhibited IFN- activity in this system [17]. This suggested that it was the carboxy-terminus that was crucial to receptor interaction. In studies examining IFN-T-treated feline immunodeficiency virus infected FeT-1 cells and human immunodeficiency virus-infected peripheral... 

Shankar P, Russo M, Harnisch B, Patterson M, et al. 2000. Impaired function of circulating HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood. 96 3094-3101. 

Bitnun A, Sochett E, Dick PT, To T, Jefferies C, Babyn P, Forbes J, Read S, King SM. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in protease inhibitor-treated and -naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 90(l) 168-74. 

Adachi, M., Hayami, M., Kashiwagi, N., et al. (1988) Expression of LeY antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). J. Exp. Med. 167(2), 323-331. 

Li Y, Wang X, Tian S, Guo C-J, Douglas SD, Ho W-Z (2002) Methadone enhances human immunodeficiency virus infection of human immune cells. J Infect Dis 185 118-122. 

Influenza vaccine. Influenza vaccine is recommended annually for children age >6 months with certain risk factors (including but not limited to children with asthma, cardiac disease, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and diabetes and household members of persons in high-risk groups [see MMlV/ 2003 52(RR-8) 1-36j) and can be administered to all others wishing to obtain immunity. In addition, healthy children age 6 to 23 months are encouraged to receive influenza vaccine if feasible, because children in this age group are at substantially increased risk of influenza-related hospitalizations. Eor healthy persons age 5 to... 

Till, M. A., Zolla-Pazner, S., Gorny, M. K., Patton, J. S., Uhr, J. W and Vitetta, E. S. (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus-infected T cells and monocytes are killed by monoclonal human anti-gp41 antibodies coupled to ricin A chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1987-1991. 

Berger, E. A., Clouse, K. A., Chaudhary, V. K., Chakrabarti, S., FitzGerald, D. J., Pastan, I., and Moss, B. (1989) CDA-Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein blocks the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and is active against cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins from diverse primate immunodeficiency retroviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9539-9543. 

Borvak, J., Chou, C. S., Van Dyke, G Rosenwirth, B Vitetta, E. S., and Ramilo, O. (1996) The use of cyclosporine, FK506, and SDZ NIM811 to prevent CD25-quiescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from producing human immunodeficiency virus../. Infect. Dis. 174, 850-853. 

Lucey DR, Zajac RA, Melcher GP, Butzin CA, Boswell RN Serum IgE levels in 622 persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection IgE elevation with marked depletion of CD4+ T-cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1990 6 427-429. 

Bryant-Greenwood P, Sorbara L, Filie AC, et al. Infection of mesothelial cells with human herpesvirus 8 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma, Castle-man disease, and recurrent pleural effusions. Mod Pathol. 2003 16 145-153. 

Shah, S., Whalen, C., Kotler, D.P., Mayanja, H., Namale, A., Melikian, G., Mugerwa, R., and Semba, R.D. (2001) Severity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Is Associated with Decreased Phase Angle, Fat Mass and Body Cell Mass in Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection in Uganda, J. Nutr. 757,2843-2847. 

Oswald-Richtcr K, Ibrres VJ, Sundrud MS et aL Helicobacta pylori VacA toxin inhibits human immunodeficiency virus infection of primary human T-cells. J Virol 2006 80(23) 11767-11775. 

Li, X. L., Moudgil, T., Vinters, H. V., and Ho, D. D. (1990) CD4-independent, productive infection of a neuronal cell line by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 64,1383-1387. Moses, A. V., Bloom, F. E., Pauza, C. D., and Nelson, J. A. (1993) Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human brain capillary endothelial cells occurs via a CD4/galactosy Iceramide-independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90,10474—10478. 

Darque, A. Valette, G. Rousseau, F. Wang, L.H. Sommadossi, J.-P. Zhou, X.-J. Quantitation of intracellular triphosphate for emtricitabine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, AntimicrobAgents Chemother., 1999,43, 2245 2250. 

Targeted high-risk children and adolescents Asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases Hemodynamically significant cardiac disease Immunosuppressive disorders and therapy Infection with human immunodeficiency virus Sickle cell anemia and other hemoglohinopathies... 

The viruses responsible for AIDS are human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV 1 and HIV 2) Both are retroviruses, meaning that their genetic material is RNA rather than DNA HI Vs require a host cell to reproduce and the hosts m humans are the T4 lymphocytes which are the cells primarily responsible for inducing the immune system to respond when provoked The HIV penetrates the cell wall of a T4 lymphocyte and deposits both its RNA and an enzyme called reverse transcriptase inside There the reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of a DNA strand that is complementary to the viral RNA The transcribed DNA then serves as the template from which the host lymphocyte produces copies of the virus which then leave the host to infect other T4 cells In the course of HIV reproduction the ability of the T4 lymphocyte to reproduce Itself IS compromised As the number of T4 cells decrease so does the body s ability to combat infections... 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has no cure. HIV infects the cells of the human immune system, such as T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. After a long period of latency and persistent infection, it results in the progressive decline of the immune system, and leads to full-blown AIDS, resulting in death. 

In patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the helper cell population is weakened to the point where the immune system is no longer able to function properly. The body thus becomes susceptible to otherwise nonlethal diseases such as pneumonia. 

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