Detailed job-safety analysis

The aim of a detailed job-safety analysis (JSA) is to identify and evaluate the hazards to which employees are exposed when performing work activities. It is similar to a Coarse analysis, but differs as to the level of detail by which the activities are broken down. 

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The NORSOK standard S-002 on Working environment reflects these basic SHE management principles. Chapter 4 of the standard lists the various types of control and verification activities that must be performed by the contractor to cover all essential working environment factors. We here find requirements as to coarse and detailed job-safety analysis and as to quantitative risk analysis. In Chapter 5 we find the working environment requirements as to design. 

Decisions regarding remedial actions and detailed job safety analysis. 

Analysis object The part of the workplace which defines the scope of the risk analysis (e.g. an area in coarse job-safety analysis and a specific job in detailed job-safety analysis). 

JSA Job safety analysis is a detailed review of the safety steps related to a particular work task. The steps are recorded on a standard form that can then be used to train individuals in the best practical safe way to perform their work tasks. This is a proactive method that can help to develop a world-class safety culture. 

Job safety analysis, detailed steps of health and safety program... 

A job safety assessment or analysis should be performed at the start of any task or operation. The designated competent or authorized person should evaluate the task or operation to identify potential hazards and determine the necessary controls. This assessment should focus on actual worksite conditions or procedures that differ from or were not anticipated in the related project or phase hazard analysis. In addition, the authorized person should ensure that each employee involved in the task or operation is aware of the hazards related to the task or operation and of the measures or procedures that workers and visitors must use to protect themselves. Note The job safety assessment is not intended to be a formal, documented analysis, but instead is more of a quick check of actual site conditions and a review of planned procedures and precautions. A more detailed explanation of job safety analysis is provided in Chapter 12. 

Job safety analysis uses the SREDIM principle but measures the risk (rather than the work content) in each of the component parts of the job under review. From this detailed examination a safe method for carrying out each stage of the job can be developed. 

This is a typical job safety analysis chart. The detailed format will depend on the process and company and should be adapted to suit. 

Safety rules may also apply to specific jobs or tasks and may involve specific procedures for accomplishing a particular job or task— for example, development of job hazard analyses as described in Chapter 15. Safe work practices are generally derived from job hazard analyses. From a detailed job hazard analysis, you may determine that safe work practices must be changed or that a training program must be conducted. 

Task Analysis An expansion of the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method of identifying hazards associated with a given job or task. Differs from the JSA in its level of specific detail and consideration of the human interface in all aspects of the job performance. 

Now, let s get back to the subject at hand, which is why do workers commit unsafe acts After we have asked ourselves Why several times and found core reasons for shortcomings, let s ask ourselves a couple more questions. The first question I would ask would be Have we performed a job safety analysis (JSA) on this task K the answer is no, we need to do that right away. If the answer is yes, we need to revisit the JSA and see where that leads us. If we are not following the guidelines in the JSA, we need to determine why we are not following them. The JSA is discussed in detail in Chapter 7, Training. ... 

A written job safety analysis (JSA) can reveal a lot about a company s safety culture. The safety culture assessment should determine how many JSAs have been developed and for what tasks. There should be a JSA for every work task. The more developed your safety culture is, the more JS As your company will have. We include some OSHA information about JSAs in Appendix A and discuss JSAs in detail in Chapter 7, Training. ... 

The first three methods analyse the risk of occupational accidents. They have a joint theoretical basis in the framework for accident analysis described in Chapter 6. The methods serve different purposes. Often, Coarse and Job-safety analysis are used in combination by starting with the Coarse analysis. A Job-safety analysis will follow when severe hazards have been identified and there is a need to go into details on how they may result in harm. We will... 

The method that is selected for the detailed risk assessments may vary, depending on the types of safety problem involved. If, for example, the reliability of safety systems is a concern, fanlt tree analysis or failure mode and effect analysis may be the appropriate method. Here, a detailed risk assessment similar to the job-safety analysis of Chapter 23 is presented. It follows the general ontline of the coarse analysis of Figure 24.2 but is performed at a more detailed level. The aim is to study manual activities in the danger zones of the machinery in detail in order to take the necessary precautions. A team will be responsible for this analysis as well. Resnlts are documented in a record sheet according to Table 24.2. 

Whether regulated by OSHA or not, some basic activities must be performed by any organization in order to provide a safe working environment for its employees, including job safety analysis, hazard prevention and control, and training. Beyond this, more detailed and administrative functions must be performed, such as ... 

Employers can help reduce warehouse injuries, whether minor or severe, and the associated financial losses through proper employee training. When employees lack the proper safety training, errors can easily be made that ultimately end in injury or illness. Training employees in safe job procedures can be accomplished through job hazard analysis (JHA). There are other names given to this process, but the end result of the program is usually the same as JHA. Other titles include job safety analysis, safe work procedures, and detailed safety analysis. 

In the opinion of one of the authors, the job hazard analysis should be kept separate from written procedures that employees follow to accomplish the job safely. A JHA is more detailed than a work procedure instruction (learner s checklist, etc.). Each document suffers from being combined with the other. One of the authors has experience with these methods and has spent time in a supervisory role. When you are a supervisor, what is your priority The answer is simple production. One suggestion is to cover the work elements first and then cover the safety hazards. This sets the tone that safety is important. 

Written safety policies, plans, and procedures address safe work practices. The job hazard analysis (JHA) is another document that details safe work practices. 

Note the requirements under the caption Upon Job Completion in the Prejob Planning and Safety Analysis Form. The detail of the requirements reflects the contributing factors for incidents having sig-niflcant adverse results that occurred over several years. It is recommended that every MOC system include similar procedures that are to be followed before the work can be considered completed. 

Allowing all employees to be involved in defining methods to identify specific hazards and assist in fixing identified hazards under their direct control. This can be accomplished by utilizing a team to develop a job hazard analysis (JHA) to detail safety-related issues and developing solutions to work practices. Refer to Chapter 12, Developing the Job Hazard Analysis . 

In 2015 the Hazards Identification and Evaluation Task Force of the American Chemical Society Committee on Chemical Safety issued a lengthy report that described other protocols for hazard assessment. These include (1) Control Banding Chemical Uses in Research Laboratories - similar to Biological Safety Levels as described in Section 7.3.4), (2) Job Hazard Analysis, (3) What-If Analysis, (4) Checklists, and (5) Structured Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Each of these protocols is described in detail in the Task Force report. 

When selecting jobs for analysis, combinations of actual physical hazards, the actions of the employee, and/or gaps in the safety system are considered, discussed in more detail in Figure 13.3. 

This section illustrates how the techniques described in Chapter 4 can be used to develop a procedure for the job of the top floor operator in the batch plant considered earlier. Two techniques are illustrated (i) a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) of the job, and (ii) a predictive human error analysis (PHEA) of the operations involved. HTA provides a description of how the job is actually done while PHEA identifies critical errors which can have an impact on the system in terms of safety or quality. The basic structure of the procedure is derived from the HTA which specifies in increasing detail the goals to be achieved. To emphasize critical task steps, various warnings and cautions can be issued based on the likely errors and recovery points generated by the PHEA. 

There are four main uses of injury statistics (1) to identify high-risk jobs or work areas, (2) to evaluate company health and safety performance, (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of hazard-abatement approaches, and (4) to identify factors related to illness and injiuy causation. An illness and injuryreporting and analysis system requires that detailed information must be collected about the characteristics of illness and injuries and their frequency and severity. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) established iUness and injury reporting and recording requirements that are mandatory for aU employers, with certain exclusions such as small establishments and government agencies. Regulations have been developed to define how employers are to adhere to these requirements (BLS 1978). 

Instructions provide direction to employees that will help them to avoid or deal more effectively with hazards. They are the behavioral model that can be followed to ensure safety. The basis of good instructions is the job analysis, which provides detailed information on the job tasks, environment, tools, and materials used. The job analysis will identify high-risk situations. Based on verification of the information in the job analysis, a set of instructions on how to avoid hazardous situations can be developed. The implementation of such instructions as employee behavior will be covered in the next section under training and safe behavior improvement. 

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