Given names

Following tradition giving the right to name an element to the discoverer(s), the Berkeley group in 1967, suggested that the hastily given name nobelium along with the symbol No, be retained. 

SBKJC VDZ Available for Li(4.v4/>) through Hg(7.v7/ 5d), this is a relativistic basis set created by Stevens and coworkers to replace all but the outermost electrons. The double-zeta valence contraction is designed to have an accuracy comparable to that of the 3—21G all-electron basis set. Hay-Wadt MB Available for K(5.v5/>) through Au(5.v6/ 5r/), this basis set contains the valence region with the outermost electrons and the previous shell of electrons. Elements beyond Kr are relativistic core potentials. This basis set uses a minimal valence contraction scheme. These sets are also given names starting with LA for Los Alamos, where they were developed. 

Cations of the type R R X+ are given names derived from the halonium ion, H2X+, by substitution, e.g., diethyliodonium chloride for (C2H5)2UCF. 

It turns out that an equivalent form of the variational inequality (1.71) can be given. Namely, the following theorem is valid. 

The nomenclature of biochemical compounds is in large measure a part of organic nomenclature. However, it has its own special problems, arising partiy from the fact that many biochemical compounds must be given names before their chemical stmctures have been fully determined, and partiy from the interest in grouping them according to biological function as much as to chemical class. 

In addition to natural muscarine and the so-called choline-muscarine referred to above, two other products have been given names suggesting relationship to muscarine, viz. (1) isomuscarine, Me3N(OH). CHOH. CH2OH prepared by Bode and shown to be toxic, but distinct from muscarine in type of action, and (2) anhydromuscarine (betaine aldehyde) made first by Berlinerblau and later by Fischer and which, according to Voet possesses nicotine and curare-like properties. 

Many carboxylic acids were first isolated from natural sources and were given names based on their origin. Fonnic acid (Latin formica, meaning ant ) was obtained by distilling ants. Since ancient times acetic acid (Latin acetum, for vinegar ) has been known to be present in wine that has turned sour. Butyric acid (Latin butyrum, meaning butter ) contributes to the odor of both rancid butter and ginkgo benies, and lactic acid (Latin lac, for milk ) has been isolated from sour milk. 

Write the unbalanced form of the equation from the information given, namely methane, ammonia, and molecular oxygen react to form hydrogen cyanide and water ... 

To influence the activity of RNA polymerase, transcription factors bind to DNA at enhancer sites and/or promoter sites. Four different structures of these factors are known. They possess structures that allow specific binding to DNA. They are given names that indicate the key protein domains that encourage this binding, as follows ... 

Mineral A naturally occurring element or compound defined by its chemical composition and crystal structure (see chapter 2). By custom in recent times, mineral species have been given names ending in ite. Each year, about 100 new species are proposed, and usually about half are accepted by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Names as bona fide new species. The Glossary of Mineral Species (Fleischer, 1987) is a current source of information. Updates are published annually in the Mineralogical Record. 

Note 3 The formula is more specific than the first of the two given names in that it specifies that the butyl end group is linked to the 2-position of a... 

The elements are given names, of which some have origins deep in the past and others are relatively modem. The names are trivial. The symbols consist of one, two or three roman letters, often but not always related to the name in English. 

In Chapter 1 of this book, psychopharmaceuticals were introduced as effective medicines that primarily have a symptomatic action but are problematic in several respects. Antipsvchotics can cause serious side effects and antidepressants often exert their therapeutic effects only after a delay of weeks and in many cases have unpleasant side effects. With anxiolytics, hypnotics and, in particular, psychostimulants, there are problems with habituation and the potential of dependency. It is therefore not surprising that psychopharmaceuticals do not enjoy a very high reputation among many doctors and the general public (see Box 8.1) and have been given names such as chemical strait-jackets for the older neuroleptics (Szasz, 1957) or chemical blinkers for the mind for tranquillizers. Elomaa (1993) even posed the question of whether the long-tom use of conventional antipsychotics should be considered a crime against humanity. 

All this is related to the distinction between chemical and physical properties. Physical properties describe what a body is, as it is now. Chemical properties describe what a body can become, how it can react with other identifiable bodies. When bodies mix physically their properties blend properties common to both may be intensified, others are more or less cancelled out or diluted, but the original properties are still there in the mix. Black and white paint can be mixed to any shade of grayness some shades might be distinctive enough to be given names, but there are no sharp boundaries. 

Strychnine was used in its impure powder form centuries before it was isolated. The nuts that yielded the seeds were given names such as poison nut or vomit nuts. Natives prepared poison arrows using the seeds and excretions of Strychnos species, and Europeans... 

Sabulite, Securite C and Securite G. Their compositions are given in this work in alphabetical order corresponding to their given names X)A.Stettbacher, Switzerland listed in private communication July 9, 1954,... 

The nomenclature,particularly of complex compounds, is not always satisfactory in spite of the good work of the nomenclature commissions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Occasionally, a competent chemist would, not be able to write the correct structure based on a given name. This is particularly noticeable in the naming of open chain and cyclic polynitrogen compounds... 

By adopting the proposed system it would be easier to arrive at a name corresponding to a given formula or to write a formula corresponding to a given name... 

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