SHE management principles

Norskoil has the overall SHE responsibility in all phases of the platform s lifecycle. The company s overall SHE policy states that Norskoil must comply with all regulatory requirements. Beyond that, Norskoil must be one of the foremost operators on the Norwegian continental shelf in relation to safety, health and environment (SHE) work and proven results of such work. Management states that a high SHE standard is a prerequisite for Norskoil to maintain a competitive business operation. 

Norskoil has broken down its policy into SHE goals and action plans for the different project phases. They relate to  

The prescriptive requirements specify the detailed design solutions. Design reviews are applied to verify that these requirements are met. 

According to Norwegian risk-analysis regulations, oil companies have to develop acceptance criteria for the risk of losses due to accidents. Risk analyses should be used to verify that new design solutions meet these criteria. Norskoil applies the following acceptance criteria for the Ymer platform  

1 Frequency of fatalities. The average fatality rate (FAR) must not exceed 10 fatalities per 10 work hours. 

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It is obvious that there was significant improvement potential in many of the SHE information systems existing in industry at that time. The author conducted a similar study in the beginning of the 1990s (Kjellen, 1993). It involved an oil company that had implemented a SHE management system based on the ILCI principles (Section 5.7). It was interesting to study whether the application of modern SHE management principles would help the oil company to overcome some of the barriers and filters identified in the earlier study. 

Norskoil applies common SHE management principles throughout the project phases in order to control and manage the different SHE aspects. The control-loop model of Figure 27.3 illustrates these principles. 

Experience exchange between operations and project has to subordinate itself to the basic SHE management principles of Figure 27.3. There are different experience transfer mechanisms between operations and project, Figure 27.5. These are both of a formal type, involving documentation on paper or in databases, and of an informal type, involving person-to-person communication. 

The NORSOK standard S-002 on Working environment reflects these basic SHE management principles. Chapter 4 of the standard lists the various types of control and verification activities that must be performed by the contractor to cover all essential working environment factors. We here find requirements as to coarse and detailed job-safety analysis and as to quantitative risk analysis. In Chapter 5 we find the working environment requirements as to design. 

We here choose to describe and analyse the SHE management principles applied at Ymer during the operation phase in relation to the well-known quality control loop. Figure 27.9. We view safety against occupational accidents as a quality aspect that platform management has to satisfy. 

It is not always clear in SHE management practice which principle applies. The diagnostic process and persistent feedback control are partially overlapping. In both cases, it is important to close the loop, i.e. to ensure that the necessary actions are identified following the diagnosis or measurement and that these are implemented and the effects monitored. 

In this Part, we will present SHE performance measures or indicators for use in the types of SHE management activities that were presented in Chapter 10 and named persistent feedback control. These activities involve the establishment of SHE performance goals and the followup of such goals through measurement of actual performance. The principles for establishing goals may differ ... 

In applications of the LTI-rate in SHE management, we calculate the LTI-rate from statistics on accidents and working hours and compare the results with the pre-established safety goals. We are also concerned with the development of the LTI-rate over time. We will here look more closely into the principles of analysing time series of the LTI-rate before we discuss the merits and shortcomings of the LTI-rate in general. 

Recent developments in the development of standards on corporate SHE management systems have made it possible to introduce indicators that measure the degree of compliance with these standards. The different performance indicators or rating systems in this area are built up around the following principles ... 

There is no scientific evidence that helps us in selecting a particular SHE management model for use in this application. We have already touched upon some of the models available on the market (Section 5. 7). They apply the principles of feedback control and use codified experiences from SHE practice as input. The models vary with respect to the number and types of elements and in the detailed definition of each element. 

Example An oil company has developed a contractor s SHE qualification guideline, based on these principles (Statoil, 1997). Seven elements in the contractor s SHE management system are considered. They include (compare the E P forum model in Figure 5.13) Leadership and commitment Policy and objectives Organisation, resources and documentation Evaluation and risk... 

In design, the EPC contractor must develop SHE management systems to control and verify compliance with all contractual requirements. They shall be based on the principles and requirements in the quality management standard family ISO 9000. Design reviews, risk and reliability analyses, inspections and tests are examples of control and verification activities. Norskoil s project team participates in some of the activities and carries out independent control and verification activities as well. 

The contractor updates the REPA to include the results of concept optimisation. Norskoil s project SHE manager supervises this work. It is shown that the concept meets all appUcable acceptance criteria, provided that a number of assumptions are met. These define the accidental loads from fire, explosion, dropped objects and ship collisions that the semi mnst be able to withstand. Another set of assumptions defines the safety and communication systems that have to be operable during an accident. There are also assumptions regarding the collision warning system and the withdrawal of the platform from the snbsea wells in case of blow-out. The REPA also results in a number of recommendations based on the ALARP principle. The assumptions and recommendations serve as input to design development and to specifications and need to be followed up in later project phases. 

An understanding of the challenges within SHE management in industry today and of modern principles for problem solving ... 

The Study Director is the single point of the study control and has the responsibility for the overall performance of the study and the final report. He or she is the delegated individual from the laboratory management to make sure that the laboratory performs under the GLP principles. His or her responsibilities are shown on this and the next shde. 

Principle of subsidiarity Managing with subsystems. The fact that people differ in abilities and aspirations. .. require that the individual, to the extent feasible, should be allowed to pursue the basic goods in the manner she chooses. When the group must make a collective decision and cannot defer to the individual, the group should be as small as possible, since this allows the group to... 

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