Abatement hazards

The cottrmercialization of OTEC to its full potential will have a significant impact on the U.S. economy through elimination of oil imports and of the huge sums required to protect the imported oil sottrces, through elimination of air pollution catrsed by combustion of fossil fuels, and by abating hazards associated with power production and waste disposal from nuclear sottrces. Inexhaustible OTEC... 

Assure the work was overseen by a competent person with the knowledge and authority to indentify and abate hazards. 

The multiemployer doctrine is particularly applicable to multiemployer construction worksites. The nature of construction requires that subcontractors work in close proximity with one another and with the general contractor at the same worksite. In these situations, a hazard created by one employer could be seen as reasonably affecting the safety of other employers Bratton Corp. v. OSHRC [8th Cir., 1979]). Specific areas of expertise or job area responsibility may limit a subcontractor s ability to abate hazards posed to its own employees that may be created by another subcontractor, general contractor, or host employer IBP, Inc. v. Herman [DC Cir., 1998]). 

As a result of the tragedy, OSHA conducted 17 inspections and issued hundreds of citations that led to a series of agreements between OSHA and BP to abate hazards and protect refinery workers. These settlement agreements were made in 2005,2010, and 2012. 

Asbestos abatement Lead abatement Hazardous waste remediation... 

Hazard Reduction Precedence Hazard Inspection and Abatement Hazard Resolution Process Closed-loop Hazard Tracking Safety Assessment... 

Deactivation and D D actions can range from stabilization of multiple hazards at a single site or facilities containing chemical or radioactive contamination, or both, to routine asbestos and lead abatement in a nonindustrial structure. Strategies include programs that meet compliance objectives, protect workers, and make certain that productivity and cost-effectiveness are maintained. The content and extent of health and safety-related programs should be proportionate to the types and degrees of hazards and risks associated with specific operations. 

Training for other activities such as deactivation and D D may not fall under the hazardous waste definition. As previously mentioned, the authors believe that, in many cases, applying hazardous waste principles based on a hazard-based approach will help to provide a safe worksite and add value to these activities. These activities may involve hazard abatement processes, such as chemical lab packing, asbestos, lead, mercury, or... 

Let s eonsider lead abatement or asbestos work. These aetivities provide a good example of how hazards are minimized by eontrolling aeeess. Wlien working with either substanee, an enelosure ean be eon-strueted that keeps out unauthorized people and eontains the hazardous substanee. The only persons who should be potentially exposed are those who are trained, qualified, and medieally fit personnel who deal appropriately with the hazard. Workers in the enelosure are proteeted by PPE, respiratory proteetion, engineered ventilation systems sueh as negative air maehines, high-eflfieieney partieulate air (HEPA) vaeuums, and administrative eontrols. 

The contractors SSAHPs at Sites I and K required that safety and health program inspections be conducted however, these requirements were not effectively implemented at either of these sites. Both Site K contractors required the HSO to conduct daily inspections, and both stated in their written plans that hazards would be immediately corrected. Neither contractor, however, had established hazard abatement procedures to ensure the prompt correction of hazards, and site records for both contractors indicated that hazard abatement activities were either not documented or not completed. For example, the subcontractor s daily safety log contained several notations of safety hazards, including an unstable concrete well and storage of diesel cans near the propane tank however, later log entries and site records did not track the abatement of these hazards. 

At Site I, the prime contractor s SSAHP required daily site inspections, the documentation of safety and health deficiencies, and the abatement of deficiencies. Records of site deficiencies, however, were kept intermittently, and hazard abatement was not documented. The subcontractor s SSAHP did not address site inspections and hazard abatement, but its TSCA permit application included requirements for site inspections. Inspection documentation, however, was not available on site, and the site manager was unaware of these written requirements. The site manager did, however, indicate that he conducted site inspections using a mental checklist and that he conducted inspections of remediation equipment before each use. 

Operating under contract to EPA, the TCSA Hotline provides technical assistance and information about programs under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), including the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and the Lead Exposure Reduction Act. Hours 8 30 a.m. - 5 00 p.m. EST weekdays. 

When spills and releases of hazardous gases or liquids occur, the concentration of the hazardous material in the vicinity of the release is often the greatest concern, since potential health effects on those nearby will be determined by the concentration of the substance at the time of the acute exposure. There are many models of routine continuous discharges (e.g., discharges arising from leaky valves in chemical plants), but these carmot be applied to single episodic events. Research on the ambient behavior of short-term environmental releases and the development of models for concentration profiles in episodic releases are cmcial if we are to plan appropriate safety and abatement measures. 

Both RCRA and CERCLA contain provisions that allow U.S. EPA to require persons contributing to an imminent hazard to take the necessary actions to clean up releases. RCRA s imminent and substantial endangerment provision addresses nonhazardous as well as hazardous solid waste releases. The authority under CERCLA is essentially the same, except that CERCLA s authority to abate an imminent or substantial danger to public health or the environment is limited to hazardous substance releases. In an enforcement action, the RCRA and CERCLA imminent hazard provisions may be used in tandem to ensure adequate protection of human health and the environment. 

Following the immediate response activities (including release reporting, immediate containment, and monitoring of explosive hazards), the actions that the facility must implement as initial abatement measures include the following ... 

EPA has developed standards for lead paint hazards, lead in dust, and lead in soil. To educate parents, homeowners, and tenants about lead hazards, lead poisoning prevention in the home, and the lead abatement process, EPA has published several general information pamphlets. Copies of these pamphlets can be obtained from the National Lead Information Center or from various Internet sites, including http //www.epa.gov/opptintr/lead. 

An electrostatic dust ignition can occur when the discharge releases sufficient thermal energy within a sufficiently short period of time and small volume to ignite the suspended dust. Electrostatic ignition is complicated by the fact that there are a number of distinct ESD mechanisms important in electrostatic hazards and hazard abatement (Glor, 1988). 

TSCA-11 Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Abatement Act... 

Level One Incident Hazardous materials incidents which can be contained, extinguished, and/or abated using equipment, supplies, and resources immediately available to first responders having jurisdiction, and whose qualifications are limited to and do not exceed the scope of the training explained in 29 CFR 1910. 

In its NEP, OSHA points out that for workplaces not covered by 1910.272, but where combustible dust hazards exist within dust control systems or other containers, citations under section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act (the General Duty Clause) may generally be issued for deflagration (fire) or explosion hazards. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards should be consulted to obtain evidence of hazard recognition and feasible abatement methods. Other standards are applicable to the combustible dust hazard. For example, if the workplace has a Class II location, then citations under 29 CFR 1910.307 may be issued to those employers having electrical equipment not meeting the standard s requirements. 

Other than aerial application over swamps for mosquito abatement, disulfoton is not known to be used over water. Potential sources of release into surface water include discharge of waste water from disulfoton manufacturing, formulation, and packaging facilities (HSDB 1994). Leaching and runoff from treated fields, pesticide disposal pits, or hazardous waste sites may contaminate both groundwater and surface water with disulfoton. Entry into water can also occur from accidental spills. Small amounts of volatilized disulfoton may be removed from the atmosphere as a result of wet deposition and may enter surface water (Racke 1992). 

No information was available to the committee on the quantity and composition of the offgases from the processed TRBP bins when they are in the smoking rooms. It is not clear that the design will provide adequate abatement for the smoke, and no provision appears to have been made for abatement of the carbon monoxide. The misting process employed in these rooms and the associated carbon filters may not remove the smoke generated from the contents removed from the TRBPs. If the smoke is not adequately managed, a visible plume whose composition is unknown but that could contain hazardous air pollutants will be emitted from this part of the plant. 

Title II - Asbestos Hazard Emergency, Title III - Indoor Radon Abatement, and Title IV - Lead Exposure Reduction, deal with regulation of these specific substances. 

---