Coconuts

CH3 [CHJb-COOH. M.p. 31 5"C, b.p. 268-270 C. A fatty acid, occurring in wool as the potassium salt, as esters in fusel oil, and as glycerides in cows and goats milk and coconut and palm oils. 

C12H24O, CH3 [CH,]io COOH. Needles, m.p. 44 C, b.p. 225"C/I00mm. A fatty acid occurring as glycerides in milk, spermaceti, laurel oil, coconut oil, palm oil and other vegetable oils. The metal salts are widely used. 

The above methods for obtaining D, as well as other ones, are reviewed in Refs. 3-12, and Refs. 7-9 give tables of D values for various adsorbents. For example, D is close to 3 for the highly porous silica gels and close to 2 for nonporous fumed silica and for graphitized carbon black coconut charcoal and alumina were found to have D values of 2.67 and 2.79, respectively [7]. 

Tnmynstm is obtained from coconut oil and has the molecular formula C45H86O6 On being heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by acidification trimyristin was converted to glycerol and tetradecanoic acid as the only products What is the structure of trimyristin ... 

Fig. 4.2 Adsorption isotherms of benzene at 25°C on (1) a charcoal from anthracite coal, activated to 56% yield (2) an activated coconut charcoal. (After Cadenhead and Everett.)...

Typical adsorption isotherms for light hydrocarbons on activated carbon prepared from coconut shells ate shown in Figure 11 (46). The polarizabihties and boiling points of these compounds increase in the order... 

Fig. 11. Adsorption isotherms for hydrocarbons on activated coconut-sheU carbon at 25°C (46). 0> Adsorption A, desorption. To convert kPa to mm Hg,...

Procter Gamble catalytic hydrogenolysis coconut and palm kernel oils, taLow, palm oil c c... 

Most manufacturers sell a portion of their alcohol product on the merchant market, retaining a portion for internal use, typically for the manufacture of plasticizers. Sterling Chemicals linear alcohol of 7, 9, and 11 carbons is all used captively. Plasticizer range linear alcohols derived from natural fats and oils, for instance, octanol and decanol derived from coconut oil and 2-octanol derived from castor oil, are of only minor importance in the marketplace. 

Henkel, Duesseldorf, Germany 130 -Cg,Cio,Ci2,Ci4,Ci4Cig coconut ok, tallow... 

Henkel, Boussens, Prance 50 -Cg,Ci0,Ci2,Ci4,Ci4,Cig,C20,C22 coconut ok, other fats... 

The identity of the moiety (other than glycerol) esterified to the phosphoric group determines the specific phosphoHpid compound. The three most common phosphoHpids in commercial oils are phosphatidylcholine or lecithin [8002-45-5] (3a), phosphatidylethanolamine or cephalin [4537-76-2] (3b), and phosphatidjlinositol [28154-49-7] (3c). These materials are important constituents of plant and animal membranes. The phosphoHpid content of oils varies widely. Laurie oils, such as coconut and palm kernel, contain a few hundredths of a percent. Most oils contain 0.1 to 0.5%. Com and cottonseed oils contain almost 1% whereas soybean oil can vary from 1 to 3% phosphoHpid. Some phosphoHpids, such as dipaLmitoylphosphatidylcholine (R = R = palmitic R" = choline), form bilayer stmetures known as vesicles or Hposomes. The bdayer stmeture can microencapsulate solutes and transport them through systems where they would normally be degraded. This property allows their use in dmg deHvery systems (qv) (8). 

Fats and oils may be synthesized in enantiomerically pure forms in the laboratory (30) or derived from vegetable sources (mainly from nuts, beans, and seeds), animal depot fats, fish, or marine mammals. Oils obtained from other sources differ markedly in their fatty acid distribution. Table 2 shows compositions for a wide variety of oils. One variation in composition is the chain length of the fatty acid. Butterfat, for example, has a fairly high concentration of short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids. Oils derived from cuphea are also a rich source of capric acid which is considered to be medium in chain length (32). Palm kernel and coconut oils are known as lauric oils because of their high content of C-12 saturated fatty acid (lauric acid). Rapeseed oil, on the other hand, has a fairly high concentration of long-chain (C-20 and C-22) fatty acids. 

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