Coconut palms

Goir. This fiber, obtained from husks of the fmit of the coconut palm. Cocos nucifera (palm family, Arecaceae), is mainly produced ia ladia and Sri... 

Fats and fatty oils). For the most part, oil is contained in the kernel or embryo of the seed, though it can also occur in the flesh of the ginkgo fmit and in the endosperm of coconut, palm, and pine nuts. Relative amounts of some fatty acids present in a few types of nuts are given in Table 5. Considerable variations in the percentages of fatty acids have also been reported in both pecan and peanut oils from a variety of sources. (Table 6). (For main physical characteristics and the composition of nut oils, see Fats and fatty oils. 

Commercially important nuts ia world trade iaclude almond, Bra2il nut, cashew, chestnut, coconut (copra), filbert, macadamia, palm nut, peanut, pecan, pignoHa, pistachio, and Knglish walnut. Coconut, palm nut, peanut, as well as babassu, oiticia, and tung, are important sources of oil for soap, paint, varnish, as well as many other domestic and iadustrial uses. 

Coconut oil [8001-31-8] is one of the primary vegetable oils used in the manufacture of soap products. Coconut oil is obtained from the dried fmit (copra) of the coconut palm tree. The fmit is dried either in the sun or over open fires from burning the husks of the fmit, with the oil pressed out of the dried fmit. 

Copra (coconut), palm fmit, andpalm kernel f. Mm. Oil Chem. Soc. 62(2) (1985). 

Acid (chain length) Coconut Palm kernel Tallow Palm stearine Soybean Tall Oil High emcic rapeseed... 

Cocoa butter substitutes and equivalents differ greatly with respect to their method of manufacture, source of fats, and functionaHty they are produced by several physical and chemical processes (17,18). Cocoa butter substitutes are produced from lauric acid fats such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils by fractionation and hydrogenation from domestic fats such as soy, com, and cotton seed oils by selective hydrogenation or from palm kernel stearines by fractionation. Cocoa butter equivalents can be produced from palm kernel oil and other specialty fats such as shea and ilHpe by fractional crystallization from glycerol and selected fatty acids by direct chemical synthesis or from edible beef tallow by acetone crystallization. 

The coconut is an unusual food for many reasons. It is technically a seed, produced by the coconut palm tree, and as such is one of the largest edible seeds produced by any plant. Its unusual contents also make it unique in the seed world—the interior consists of both meat and water. The meat is the white pith with which we are all familiar, as it is used extensively for cooking and flavorings the coconut water is a white liquid that is very sweet and thirst-quenching. 

And all these are only some of the uses found for the coconut fruit. The coconut palm tree, which produces the nut, also produces coundess useful items. It s no wonder that the coconut palm has been called the tree of life. ... 

The coconut palm is sometimes called the tree of life because... 

Animal fats and oilseeds (soybean, cottonseed, coconut, palm) are important feedstocks for plasticizers and cosmetics. Destructive distillation of biomass yields methanol ( wood alcohol ), acetic acid, tar and charcoal, and was the backbone of the chemical industry in former centuries. 

In Ayurvedic medicine, coconut oil infused with herbs has been used medicinally for almost 4000 years as an effective treatment for skin diseases caused by infestation with parasites, such as scabies and head lice. Today, about 20 billion coconuts are grown each year, and although the major producers are the Philippines, India, and Indonesia, virtually everywhere the coconut palm grows — in the tropical regions of Latin America and East Africa, as well as Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Philippines — coconut products serve as a dietary staple. ... 

Werth E. (1933) Distribntion, origin and cultivation of the coconut palm. 

B Oh [Pg.55]

Bahia coconut palm Brazil Klapper Netherlands... 

CN029 Bopaiah, B. M., H. Shekara Shetty, and K. V. Nagaraja. Biochemical characterization of the root exudates of coconut palm. Curr Sci 1987 56(16) 832-833. 

Cleary, M. P., F. C. Phillips, and R. A. Morton. Genotype and diet effects in lean and obese Zucker rats fed either safflower or coconut oil diets. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999 220(3) 153-161. Lai, J.J., C. V. Sreeranjit Kumar, M. V. Suresh, M. Indira, and P. L. Vija-yammal. Effect of in utero exposure of Toddy (coconut palm wine) on liver function and lipid metabolism in rat fetuses. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1998 52(3) 209-219. 

Bahia coconut palm Brazil Cocos nucifera... 

Fatty Acid Degree of Saturation3 Common Name Rapeseed (low erucic) Sunflower Linseed Soy Coconut Palm... 

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is grown throughout the tropical world, for decoration as well as for its many culinary and non-culinary uses virtually every part of the coconut palm has some human use. Coir (the fibre from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, rugs and mats, brushes and as stuffing fibre. It is also used extensively in horticulture for making potting compost. 

To obtain substantial yields of surfactant hydrophobes, especially in the most useful C12— 14 range, the choice is restricted to coconut, palm and palm kernel oils. In the C16-18 range, the same oils are also used but animal (normally beef) tallow can be used. The use of animal fats raises some ethical issues but these are not commonly used to produce anionic surfactants. The oils may be converted to methyl esters by transesterification which allows easier distillation to remove heavy/light fractions and the esters are finally hydrogenated to fatty alcohols. Alternatively, the fat or oil can be hydrolysed to fatty acid prior to esterification... 

Fatty Acid Distribution Coconut Stripped Coconut Palm Kernel Palm Tallow... 

Methyl Ester-Based Processes. The fatty methyl esters are produced predominantly by the transesterification of fats and oils with methanol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst under very mild reaction conditions.l5a,b They are used in the production of lauric-type (Cl2) alcohols. The short-chain fatty methyl esters (C8-Cl0), produced as by-products via the fractional distillation of crude lauric-type (coconut, palm kernel) methyl esters, are converted to fatty acids via acidic or alkaline hydrolysis (Fig. 36.12). The hydrolysis of short-chain fatty methyl esters by stream splitting or Twitchell-type processes is not very efficient because of unfavorable equilibrium constants.16a,b... 

Coconut Palm Kernel Soybean Canola/Rapeseed Palm Stearin Inedible Tallow... 

Coconut Oil (Unhydrogenated) occurs as a viscous, white to light yellow-tan liquid. It is obtained from the kernel of the fruit of the coconut palm Cocos nucifera (Fam. Palmae). The crude oil obtained by mechanically pressing dried coconut meat (copra) is refined, bleached, and deodorized to substantially remove free fatty acids, phospholipids, color, odor and flavor components, and other non-oil materials. Compared with many natural fats, Coconut Oil (Unhydrogenated) has an abrupt melting range, changing from a rather firm, plastic solid at about 21° or below to a liquid at about 21°. 

PROP From the kernel of the fruit of the coconut palm Cocos nucifera. Fatty solid or liquid sweet, nutty taste. Mp 21-27°. 

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