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Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin (uh-MOX-uh-sill-in) is also known as D-(-)-alpha-amino-p-hydroxybenzyl penicillin and (2S,5R,6R)- [Pg.81]

Amoxicillin belongs to a group of semisynthetically produced antibiotics called the aminopenicillins. The term [Pg.81]

Amoxicillin. Red atoms are oxygen white atoms are hydrogen black atoms are carbon blue atoms are nitrogen and green atom is sulfur. Gray sticks are double bonds striped sticks show a benzene ring, publishers [Pg.82]

Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered penicillin in 1928. The antibiotic was first produced for human use in the early 1940s. Over time, researchers [Pg.82]

The original U.S. patent on drug. This fact accounts [Pg.83]

Mobile phase MeCN buffer 15 85 (Buffer was 50 mM pH 4.6 sodium phosphate containing 10 mM thiosulfate.) [Pg.91]

Huisman-de Boer, J.J. van den Anker, J.N. Vogel, M. Goessens, W.H.F. Schoemaker, R.C. de Groot, R. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in preterm infants with gestational ages of less than 32 weeks. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1995, 39, 431—434 [Pg.91]

Sample preparation Condition an AASP C8 SPE cartridge (Varian) by washing with two 1 mL portions of MeCN and two 1 mL volumes of 67 mM pH 7.0 buffer. 150 p,L Plasma + 1.5 mL 67 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer -t- 20 p,L water, add a 1 mL aliquot to the SPE cartridge, wash with 200 p.L 67 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, wash three times with 200 mg/L sodium azide in 67 mM pH 7.6 buffer. Place SPE cartridge on-line so that it is eluted onto the anal3dical column. [Pg.91]

Mobile phase MeOH buffer 20 80 (Buffer was 14.2 g NaH2P04 in 900 mL water, add 12.5 mL 1 M tetrabutylammonium dihydrogenphosphate, adjust pH to 7.60 with dilute NaOH, make up to 1 L.) (100 x 3 Chrompack reversed-phase saturation column between pump and injector used to saturate mobile pheise with stationary phase.) [Pg.91]

Krauwinkel, W.J. Volkers-Kamermans, N.J. van Zijtveld, J. Determination of amoxicillin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. J.Chromatogr., 1993, 617, 334-338 [Pg.92]

Chemical Name 6- [amino-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl] amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1 a2abicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid [Pg.78]

Trade Name Manufacturer Country Year Introduced [Pg.78]

This aqueous solution was brought to pH 2 by the addition of hydrochloric acid and the [Pg.80]

Sample preparation 100 jiL Serum + 100 10 M urea, filter (Amicon MPS-1 with YMT [Pg.91]


Pharmaceuticals. -Hydroxybenzaldehyde is often a convenient intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals (qv). For example, 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)glycine can be prepared in a two-step synthesis starting with -hydroxybenzaldehyde (86). This amino acid is an important commercial intermediate in the preparation of the semisynthetic penicillin, amoxicillin (see ANTIBIOTICS, P-LACTAMs). Many cephalosporin-type antibiotics can be made by this route as well (87). The antiemetic trimethobenzamide [138-56-7] is convenientiy prepared from -hydroxybenzaldehyde (88) (see Gastrointestinal agents). [Pg.508]

Although a broad range of P-lactamase inhibitors has been discovered, only clavulanic acid and sulbactam have been commercialized. Clavulanic acid (12, R = CH2OH, R = H), manufactured by SmithKlinp Beecham, is sold as an oral and parenteral product in combination with amoxicillin under the trade name Augmentin. A parenteral product in combination with ticarcillin [34787-01-4], C25H2gN20 S, has the trade name, Timentin. In 1990 worldwide sales of clavulanic acid containing products were about 725 million. [Pg.56]

The pharmacology of penicillins differs markedly from compound to compound but has been well reviewed (57). The majority of derivatives, including penicillin G and the antipseudomonal penicillins, ate unstable in gastric acid and ate not available orally. The isoxazolyl penicillins ate relatively acid stable but not consistendy well absorbed by the oral route. Nafcillin and oxacillin ate poody absorbed orally cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and ducloxacillin ate more teUable. Penicillin V, ampicillin, and patticulady amoxicillin ate relatively well absorbed orally. Esters of ampicillin such as bacampicillin, pivampicillin, and talampicillin improve the level of oral absorption of ampicillin to that achieved by amoxicillin. Absorption can be diminished by food after oral adruinistration, however, and peak blood levels, usually achieved after 1 to 2 h, ate somewhat delayed after ingestion of food. [Pg.83]

Most methods used for the production of the commercially important a-amino penicillins, such as ampicillin and amoxicillin, are based on modifications of an enamine process employing the appropriate phenylglycine and methylacetoacetate followed by coupling with 6-APA (64). Other aspects of the fermentation, strain maintenance, equipment, inoculum development, media, and procedures used in the production of penicillin are well covered in previous editions of the Enyclopedia. Developments in these areas have been reviewed (65). [Pg.85]

Worldwide retail antibiotic sales in 1986 were approximately 11 biUion of which penicillins comprised approximately 2.5 biUion (66). Preparations containing ampicillin are estimated at 800 million whereas those containing amoxicillin are estimated at 1,020 million. Total sales include sales of ampicillin esters and the iireidopenicillins derived from ampicillin. Total sales of penicillins, including semisynthetic penicillins in the United States in 1987, were 25 million (67). Sales of amoxicillin, the largest single selling penicillin, were approximately 350 million. [Pg.85]

The volume of bulk ampicillin produced was 3,700 t, valued at 260 million, and of bulk amoxicillin, 2,200 t valued at 190 million, both as the trihydrate. It was predicted that the market for bulk ampicillin was growing at 3% aimuaHy and would reach 4,160 t by 1990. Sales of amoxicillin, growing at 10% aimuaHy were predicted to reach a consumption of 2,800 t in 1990 with an average growth rate of 8%. The demand for both products is expected to reach 4,500 t by 2000 (68). [Pg.85]

The cost of 6-APA, ampicillin, and amoxicillin is invariably linked to that of penicillin G. 6-APA remains one of the cheapest raw starting materials available for the preparation of semisynthetic penicillins and other related P-lactam antibiotics. [Pg.85]

The second most important group of immobilized enzymes is stiU the penicillin G and V acylases. These are used in the pharmaceutical industry to make the intermediate 6-aminopenici11anic acid [551-16-6] (6-APA), which in turn is used to manufacture semisynthetic penicillins, in particular ampicilHn [69-53-4] and amoxicillin [26787-78-0]. This is a remarkable example of how a complex chemical synthesis can be replaced with a simple enzymatic one ... [Pg.291]

The importance of the penicillins as a class of heterocyclic compounds derives primarily from their effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial infections in mammals (especially humans). It has been estimated that, in 1980, the worldwide production of antibiotics was 25 000 tons and, of this, approximately 17 000 tons were penicillins (81MI51103). The Food and Drug Administration has estimated that, in 1979 in the U.S.A., 30.1 x 10 prescriptions of penicillin V and 44.3 x 10 prescriptions of ampicillin/amoxicillin were dispensed. This level of usage indicates that, compared to other methods of dealing with bacterial infection, the cost-benefit properties of penicillin therapy are particularly favorable. Stated differently, penicillin treatment leads to the elimination of the pathogen in a relatively high percentage of cases of bacterial infection at a relatively low cost to the patient in terms of toxic reactions and financial resources. [Pg.336]

X-ray, 7, 300 <68MI51100, 76AX(B)2279) Penicillin, D-a-amino-p-hydroxybenzyl-(amoxicillin)... [Pg.41]

Amoxicillin — see Penicillin, D-n-amino-p-hydroxybenzyl-Amozonolysis cycloalkenes, 6, 876 Amphotericin B antifungal agent veterinary use, 1, 211... [Pg.515]

One of the most popular orally active penicillins in present clinical use is amoxicillin (12). Its oral effectiveness and broad spectrum of activity against common pathogens as well as its better absorption than its closest precedent competitor, ampicillin (14), largely accounts for this. Higher blood and tissue levels of antibiotics is another means of dealing with resistance. In an attempt to achieve yet further improvements in oral bioavailability and hence blood and ti.ssue levels of amoxicillin, the prodmg fumoxicillin (13) is prepared from amoxicillin (12) by treatment with furfural [3]. The imine moiety is less basic than the primary amine so that the isoelectric point of fumoxicillin is more on the acid side than is that of amoxicillin. [Pg.179]

Aminopenicillanic acid Amoxicillin Ampicillin Azidocillin Aziocillin... [Pg.1613]

Ethyl chlorocarbonate Amo xapine Amoxicillin Ampicillin Cefadroxil Ethyl chloroformate Azidocillin Fominoben HCI Hydroxyphenamate Lo xapine... [Pg.1633]


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Amoxicillin Omeprazole

Amoxicillin Oseltamivir

Amoxicillin Pirenzepine

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Amoxicillin Theophylline

Amoxicillin Warfarin

Amoxicillin adverse effects

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Amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate

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Amoxicillin chemical structure

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Amoxicillin development

Amoxicillin dosage

Amoxicillin dosing

Amoxicillin drug interactions

Amoxicillin fluorescence detection

Amoxicillin fluorometric detection

Amoxicillin in otitis media

Amoxicillin in pharyngitis

Amoxicillin in pneumonia

Amoxicillin in sinusitis

Amoxicillin in urinary tract infections

Amoxicillin intestinal absorption

Amoxicillin isomers

Amoxicillin liver

Amoxicillin pediatric dosing

Amoxicillin penicillin allergy

Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics

Amoxicillin skin reactions with

Amoxicillin sodium

Amoxicillin tolerances

Amoxicillin trihydrate

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Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Amoxicillin-clavulanate adverse effects

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Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium

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Amoxypen - Amoxicillin

Ampicillin / amoxicillin

Antibiotics Amoxicillin

Augmentin (amoxicillin clavulanic

Augmentin - Amoxicillin

Beta-lactam antibiotics amoxicillin/ampicillin)

Bristol Myers-Squibb amoxicillin

Clamoxyl - Amoxicillin

Drugs amoxicillin

Hydrogen Amoxicillin

Infectomycin - Amoxicillin

Isimoxin - Amoxicillin

Kapoxi - Amoxicillin

Lansoprazole + amoxicillin metronidazole

Novamoxin - Amoxicillin

Patents amoxicillin

Penicillins amoxicillin

Penicillins amoxicillin/ampicillin)

Pharmaceuticals amoxicillin

Polymox - Amoxicillin

Pregnancy amoxicillin

Rashes amoxicillin

Trimox - Amoxicillin

Urinary tract infection amoxicillin

Wymox - Amoxicillin

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