Augmentin amoxicillin clavulanic

Current commercial inhibitors of /3-lactamases include clavulanic acid (an oxapenam see Table 1), sulbactam, and tazobactam (two penam sulfones see Table 1). They are effective only against the class A serine /3-lactamases and they are administrated in the form of antibiotic/inhibitor combinations <2006BP930> Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), Timentin (ticarcillin/clavulanic acid), Unasyn (ampicillin/Sulbactam), Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam). 

White AR, Kaye C, Poupard J, Pypstra R, Woodnutt G, Wynne B. Augmentin amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection a review of the continuing development of an innovative antimicrobial agent. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004 53 3-20. 

Penicillin G clavulanic acid Augmentin Amoxicillin clavulanic acid 710 Beecham Smith Kline Beecham... 

Amoxicillin- clavulanate 80-90 mg/kg per day in 2-3 doses (adult 875 mg twice daily) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, diaper rash J) J) J)— More diarrhea than amoxicillin, Augmentin ES formulation preferred owing to lower daily clavulanate component... 

Amoxicillin-clavulanate 1.75-4 g/day in 2-3 doses 90 mg/kg per day in 2 doses Broad coverage particularly with high doses Augmentin XR (2 g every 12 hours) targeted toward PRSP... 

Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Amoxil/Augmentin) Atenolol (Tenormin)... 

The HCP prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), an antibiotic, for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has a cold. Which intervention should the nurse implement ... 

Although a broad range of P-lactamase inhibitors has been discovered, only clavulanic acid and sulbactam have been commercialized. Clavulanic acid (12, R = CH2OH, R = H), manufactured by SmithKlinp Beecham, is sold as an oral and parenteral product in combination with amoxicillin under the trade name Augmentin. A parenteral product in combination with ticarcillin [34787-01-4], C25H2gN20 S, has the trade name, Timentin. In 1990 worldwide sales of clavulanic acid containing products were about 725 million. 

Aminopenicillins amoxicillin a-mox-i-sil -in amoxicillin and clavulanate acid a-mox-i-sil -in/ klah-view-lan -ate Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox, generic Augmentin Same as penicillin G Same as penicillin G... 

Augmentin-eombination of amoxicillin and clavulanic add Hmentin-combination of ticardllin and davulanicaad Unasyn-eombination of ampidllin and sulbactam Zosyn-eombination of piperadllin and tazobactam... 

Of particular note is the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The latter is a potent inhibitor of enzymes that degrade amoxicillin and many other p-lactam antibiotics. This combination, marketed as Augmentin, increases the efficacy of amoxicillin against organisms that would be otherwise resistant to it. It is among the most widely used antibiotics in the United States. 

Recently, prodrugs have been constmcted in which amoxicillin (antibacterial agent) and clavulanic acid or cephalosporin 1-oxide (/3-lactamase inhibitors) are covalently linked. All these compounds show better antibacterial activity than Augmentin , comparable anti-/3-lactamase activity, and better solubility properties <2002BMC3489>. 

Drug-resistant bacteria inactivate /3-lactam antibiotics by hydrolyzing the amide linkage of the lactam ring. Augmentin consists of a /3-lactam antibiotic (amoxicillin) and potassium clavulanate, a compound that blocks the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis. This combination enables the amoxicillin to avoid being deactivated by the enzyme. 

The natural penicillins, primarily G and V, have a relatively narrow spectrum. They act mostly on gram-positive organisms. The fact that proper selection of precursors could lead to new variations in the penicillin side chain offered the first source of synthetic penicillins. Penicillin V, derived from a phenoxy-acetic acid precursor, attracted clinical use because of its greater acid tolerance, which made it more useful in oral administration. Also, the widespread use of penicillin eventually led to a clinical problem of penicillin-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. Resistance for the most part involved the penicillin-destroying enzyme, penicillinase, which attacked the beta-lactam structure of the 6-aminopenicillanic acid nucleus (6-APA). Semisynthetic penicillins such as ampicillin and carbenicillin have a broader spectrum. Some, such as methicillin, orafi-cillin, and oxacillin, are resistant to penicillinase. In 1984, Beecham introduced Augmentin, which was the first combination formulation of a penicillin (amoxicillin) and a penicillinase inhibitor (clavulanic acid). Worldwide production of semisynthetic penicillins is currently around 10,000 tons/year, the major producers are Smith Kline Beecham, DSM, Pfizer, and Toyo Jozo. 

Carindapen , Geopen , Pyopen Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin Augmentin ... 

Strieker BH, Van den Broek JW, Keuning J, Eberhardt W, Houben HG, Johnson M, Blok AP. Cholestatic hepatitis due to antibacterial combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin) Dig Dis Sci 1989 34(10) 1576-80... 

Reading C, Slocombe B. Augmentin clavulanate-poten-tiated amoxicillin. In Queener SF, Webber JA, Queener SW, editors. Betalactam Antibiotics for Clinical Use. New York Marcel Dekker, 1986 527. 

Amoxicillin + Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin, Clavulin) Protein-Binding 25% Half-Life 1-1.5 hours PO 5000 mg Every 8 hours... 

Trolamine polypeptide oleate-condensate (Cerumenex) Sulfonamides (Azulfidine, Bactrim) Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) Loracarbef (Lorabid)... 

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