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Penicillin treatment

The importance of the penicillins as a class of heterocyclic compounds derives primarily from their effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial infections in mammals (especially humans). It has been estimated that, in 1980, the worldwide production of antibiotics was 25 000 tons and, of this, approximately 17 000 tons were penicillins (81MI51103). The Food and Drug Administration has estimated that, in 1979 in the U.S.A., 30.1 x 10 prescriptions of penicillin V and 44.3 x 10 prescriptions of ampicillin/amoxicillin were dispensed. This level of usage indicates that, compared to other methods of dealing with bacterial infection, the cost-benefit properties of penicillin therapy are particularly favorable. Stated differently, penicillin treatment leads to the elimination of the pathogen in a relatively high percentage of cases of bacterial infection at a relatively low cost to the patient in terms of toxic reactions and financial resources. [Pg.336]

Some types of allergic reaction, for example immediate or delayed-type skin allergies, serum-sickness-like reactions and anaphylactic reactions, may occur in a proportion of patients given penicillin treatment. There is some, but not complete, cross-allergy with cephalosporins. [Pg.103]

Casey JR, Pichichero ME. Meta-analysis of cephalosporin versus penicillin treatment of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngi-tis in children. Pediatrics 2004 113(4) 866-882. [Pg.1074]

It has also been reported that patients with allergic-like events after penicillin treatment have had a markedly risk of events after subsequent cephalosporin antibiotics. Cross-reactivity is not an adequate explanation for this increased risk and the data obtained indicate that cephalosporins can be considered for patients with penicillin allergy <2006MI354.ell>. Comparisons of parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been tested against bacteria isolated from pediatric patients. The results have indicated that cefepime has been the most broad-spectrum cephalosporin analyzed and it is a very potent alternative for the treatment of contemporary pediatric infections in North America <2007MI109>. The historical safety of the most commonly used oral cephalosporins has been reviewed <2007MIS67>. The antimicrobial spectrum and in vitro potency of the most frequently prescribed orally administered cephalosporins (cefaclor, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil and cephalexin has also been reviewed <2007MIS5>. [Pg.164]

The class of sugars or carbohydrates that contains one unit of the sugar. It is the simplest class of sugars, e.g. C6Hi2C>6, glucose. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Often called the hospital superbug because it is resistant to most of penicillin treatments. [Pg.247]

During penicillin treatment the erythrocytes are normally coated with penicillin, thereby forming a penicilloyl bond on their surface (49). A drug-specific IgG antibody is directed against the complete antigen, that is the penicU-lin-erythrocyte complex, and can be shown in direct and indirect Coombs tests. Clinical hemolysis therefore requires both sufficient coating of erythrocytes and high anti-penicilloyl IgG titers. [Pg.2758]

There is no cure for sickle cell disease and current therapies are aimed at managing the nnmerons complications associated with the condition. These therapies inclnde penicillin treatment, iimnunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea (12,20). Hydroxyurea is the only drug therapy specific for sickle cell disease. Hydroxyurea appears to act through several mechanisms, including increased production of fetal hemoglobin, reduced adhesion of blood cells to endothelial cells, improved erythrocyte hydration, and reduced neutrophil counts (21). Hydroxyurea has proven effective but there are some concerns with toxicity and not all patients respond to the treatment (21-23). There is clearly a need for development of additional therapies. [Pg.265]

A further five, dangerously ill patients were treated between February and June and all but one of these were cured. Their other failure was a four-year-old boy who was seriously ill with infected measles spots. He showed a dramatic recovery with penicillin treatment, and all the staphylococci were eliminated unfortunately, he had suffered from neurological damage during the viral infection, and this was the ultimate cause of death rather than the bacterial infection. [Pg.45]

Von Sallman L, Meyer K, DiGrandi J. Experimental study on penicillin treatment of ectogenous infection of vitreous. Arch Ophthalmol 1944 32 179-189. [Pg.93]

For wound botulism, antibiotic (penicillin) treatment is indicated, along with wound debridement and irrigation. [Pg.138]

Pulkkinen MO, Willman K. Maternal oestrogen levels during penicillin treatment. BMI (1971)4,48. [Pg.982]

Saurat JH, Ponvert C, Burtin C, Soubrane C, Lebel B, Bencher F, Paupe J (1976) Lymphocyte transformation, leucocyte migration, specific IgE, IgG, and IgM before, during and after penicillin treatment without adverse reaction. Acta Allergol 31 1... [Pg.130]

Morbilliform exanthema differs markedly in morphological appearance and clinical evolution from the urticarial reaction described above. The skin lesions usually remain stable for a few days (instead of a few hours) and disappear promptly within a few days of interruption of penicillin treatment. It is not rare, however, to observe a mixture of both forms in the same patient. [Pg.445]

Fernstrom AIB (1962) Studies on procaine allergy with reference to urticaria due to procaine penicillin treatment. Acta Derm Venerol 42 79 Fessel WJ (1972) Immunologic reactions in hyperuricemia. N Engl J Med 286 1218 Finke SR, Grieco MH, Connell JT, Smith EC, Sherman W (1965) Results of comparative skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine and penidllin in patients with penicillin allergy. Am J Med 38 71... [Pg.470]

England was at war, and the United States soon would be the need for large amounts of penicillin was obvious. Working with U.S. Department of Agriculture, Heatley and Andrew J. Moyer of the USDA laboratories in Peoria, Illinois, found better penicillium sources and developed novel fermentation methods to produce ever-increasing amounts of penicillin. Treatment of wounded soldiers with penicillin became possible early in 1943 and was widely practiced before the war ended in August 1945. Four... [Pg.847]

As described in Sect. 13.2, the activity of the ODHC is decreased during glutamate overproduction induced by biotin limitation. Tween 40 addition, and penicillin treatment (Kawahara et al. 1997). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for the decrease in ODHC activity during glutamate production was unknown until 2006, when a crucial protein was identified. [Pg.266]

As described above, glutamate overproduction by C. glutamicum is induced by biotin limitation, fatty acid ester surfactant addition, and penicillin treatment. Biotin limitation and addition of fatty acid esters affect fatty acid biosynthesis in... [Pg.267]

Amoxicillin Amoxil Isimoxin 3-Lactam/penicillin Treatment of a broad HO Ospamox spectrum of bacterial... [Pg.1329]


See other pages where Penicillin treatment is mentioned: [Pg.34]    [Pg.480]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.920]    [Pg.920]    [Pg.1607]    [Pg.1608]    [Pg.1609]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.490]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.448]    [Pg.451]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.478]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.800]    [Pg.266]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.374]    [Pg.398]    [Pg.398]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.97 , Pg.116 , Pg.117 ]




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