Replacement with

Thus they have been replaced with elements with a martensite structure mixture fully transformed by the zero processing and mounted in openings with insens of austenite steel (Fig.3). Thus prepared elements for caUbration. will be stable with time and will not cause any indication changes during exploitation. 

As with most methods for studying ion-molecule kinetics and dynamics, numerous variations exist. For low-energy processes, the collision cell can be replaced with a molecular beam perpendicular to the ion beam [106]. This greatly reduces the thennal energy spread of the reactant neutral. Another approach for low energies is to use a merged beam [103]. In this system the supersonic expansion is aimed at the tluoat of the octopole, and the ions are passed tluough... 

Apparatus may be rapidly assembled. As all joints of the same size are interchangeable, a broken part can be rapidly replaced with every confldence that it will flt well. 

What goes on in this conversion is that the p-Nitropropene undergoes a catalytic reduction whereby it loses its propene double bond, and the nitro s oxygens get replaced with hydrogens. All this happens in one pot with, usually, just one reaction. 

In the flask were placed 800 ml (note 1) of dry diethyl ether. Twenty grams of lithium (note 2) were flattened (thickness about 1 mm) with a hammer (note 3) and cut into small pieces (about 10 x 2 1 mm ), which were introduced at the same time into the flask. The contents of the flask were cooled to -30°C, after the air in the flask had been replaced with nitrogen. From the dropping funnel, which contained 1.12 mol of ethyl bromide, were added 10-15 g of ethyl bromide. 

To a solution of 0.50 tnol of ethyllithium in about 450 tnl of diethyl ether (see Chapter II, Exp. 1) was added 0.20 mol of 1-heptyne or butylallene (see Chapter VI, Exp. 1) with cooling below Q°C. After the addition the cooling bath was removed and the thermometer-gas outlet combination was replaced with a reflux condenser. The solution was heated under reflux for 6 h. The thermometer-gas outlet was again placed on the flask and the yellow suspension was cooled to -50°C. Trimethylchlorosilane (0.20 mol) was added dropwise in 10 min, while keeping the temperature between -40 and -35°C. After having kept the mixture for an additional 30 min at -30°C, it was poured into 200 ml of ice-water. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with small portions of diethyl ether. 

After the addition of the propyne the thermometer-gas outlet combination was replaced with a "cold finger" filled with dry-ice and acetone. The top of this reflux condenser was connected via a plastic tube with a cold trap (-75°C) containing 50 ml of dry THF. The cooling bath was removed and the conversion of propyne started... 

After the air in the flask had been completely replaced with nitrogen, it was cooled in a liquid nitrogen bath and a solution of 25 g of acetylene in 160 ml of dry THF was introduced. The solution had been prepared by dissolving acetylene (freed from acetone by means of a cold trap) in THF cooled at -80 to -90°C. A solution of 0.21 mol of butyl lithium in about 150 ml of hexane was added in 5 min to the vigorously stirred solution. During this addition the temperature of the mixture was kept between -80 and -100°C by occasionally dipping the flask into the liquid nitrogen. To the white suspension were successively added at -80°C a solution of 10 g. of anhydrous lithium bromide (note 1) in 30 ml of THF and 0.20 mol of freshly distilled benzaldehyde. The reaction mixture was kept for 3 h at -69°C, after which the temperature was allowed to rise to +10°C over a period of 2 h. 

In the flask were placed 10.0 g of the propargylic amine (see Chapter lIII-5, Exp. 1). The air in the flask was replaced with nitrogen and a solution of 0.01 mol of KO-tert.-Ci,H,3 in 10 g of THF (free from hydroperoxide) was added. The mixture was warmed at about 40 C. A weakly exothermic reaction was observed and the temperature rose to about 45°C. After 1-2 min the gel originally present, had disappeared almost completely and a brown solution had formed. The refractive index of the solution (note 1) was measured after intervals of about 2 min. After the... 

C/760 mmHg) sulfur dichloride After the addition stirring v/as stopped and the flask was allowed to stand for 15 h in the ice-bath. The condenser was replaced with a drying tube containing CaCl (refluxing of the vinyl chloride had stopped completely after the addition of sulfur dichloride). 

Apparatus 1-1 three-necked, round-bottomed flask with a dropping funnel, a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, combined with a vent at a later stage the thermometer and vent were replaced with a reflux condenser. 

A solution of methylmagnesium bromide in 150 ml of diethyl ether, prepared from 0.5 mol of methyl bromide (see Chapter II, Exp. 5) was subsequently added in 20 min with cooling at about 20°C. After the addition the mixture was warmed for 2 h under reflux (the thermometer and gas outlet were replaced with a reflux condenser), a black slurry being formed on the bottom of the flask. The mixture was cooled in a bath of dry-ice and acetone and a solution of 30 g of ammonium chlori.de in 200 ml of water was added with vigorous stirring. The organic layer and four ethereal extracts were combined, dried over potassium carbonate and subsequently concentrated in a water-pump vacuum. Careful distillation of the residue through a 40-cm... 

Apparatus. 1-1 flask, see Chapter 1, Fig. 1, the thermometer-gas outlet combination was replaced with a reflux condenser. 

The methylthio group in 12 can be replaced with OH. Subsequent deprotonation affords a 2.4-dioxothiazole (5). 

Mercaptothiazolium hydroxide inner salts (2) (X = S) are prepared from 5-hydroxy-oxazolium inner salts and CS (2, 25). The oxazolium inner salts may advantageously be replaced with their precursors, which are N-arylacylalanins (Scheme 23). 

Bivalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of two hydrogen atoms are named as follows (1) If both free bonds are on the same carbon atom, the ending -ane of the hydrocarbon is replaced with -ylidene. However, for the first member of the alkanes it is methylene... 

The second complication is that the values of z shown in Table 4.11 are derived for a normal distribution curve that is a function of O, not s. Although is an unbiased estimator of O, the value of for any randomly selected sample may differ significantly from O. To account for the uncertainty in estimating O, the term z in equation 4.11 is replaced with the variable f, where f is defined such that f > z at all confidence levels. Thus, equation 4.11 becomes... 

Finally, solving for f, which we replace with fexp, leaves us with... 

This same approach can be extended to find the pH of a monoprotic weak base, replacing with Kb, Chf with the weak base s concentration, and solving for the [OH ] in place of [H3O+]. 

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