Augmentin - Amoxicillin

Augmentin/amoxicillin plus Anti-infective Enzyme inhibitor... 

Current commercial inhibitors of /3-lactamases include clavulanic acid (an oxapenam see Table 1), sulbactam, and tazobactam (two penam sulfones see Table 1). They are effective only against the class A serine /3-lactamases and they are administrated in the form of antibiotic/inhibitor combinations <2006BP930> Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), Timentin (ticarcillin/clavulanic acid), Unasyn (ampicillin/Sulbactam), Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam). 

White AR, Kaye C, Poupard J, Pypstra R, Woodnutt G, Wynne B. Augmentin amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection a review of the continuing development of an innovative antimicrobial agent. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004 53 3-20. 

Penicillin G clavulanic acid Augmentin Amoxicillin clavulanic acid 710 Beecham Smith Kline Beecham... 

Although a broad range of P-lactamase inhibitors has been discovered, only clavulanic acid and sulbactam have been commercialized. Clavulanic acid (12, R = CH2OH, R = H), manufactured by SmithKlinp Beecham, is sold as an oral and parenteral product in combination with amoxicillin under the trade name Augmentin. A parenteral product in combination with ticarcillin [34787-01-4], C25H2gN20 S, has the trade name, Timentin. In 1990 worldwide sales of clavulanic acid containing products were about 725 million. 

Aminopenicillins amoxicillin a-mox-i-sil -in amoxicillin and clavulanate acid a-mox-i-sil -in/ klah-view-lan -ate Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox, generic Augmentin Same as penicillin G Same as penicillin G... 

Augmentin-eombination of amoxicillin and clavulanic add Hmentin-combination of ticardllin and davulanicaad Unasyn-eombination of ampidllin and sulbactam Zosyn-eombination of piperadllin and tazobactam... 

GB Augmentin (SmithKline Beecham 1984)-comb. with amoxicillin... 

Amoxicillin- clavulanate 80-90 mg/kg per day in 2-3 doses (adult 875 mg twice daily) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, diaper rash J) J) J)— More diarrhea than amoxicillin, Augmentin ES formulation preferred owing to lower daily clavulanate component... 

Amoxicillin-clavulanate 1.75-4 g/day in 2-3 doses 90 mg/kg per day in 2 doses Broad coverage particularly with high doses Augmentin XR (2 g every 12 hours) targeted toward PRSP... 

Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Amoxil/Augmentin) Atenolol (Tenormin)... 

Of particular note is the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The latter is a potent inhibitor of enzymes that degrade amoxicillin and many other p-lactam antibiotics. This combination, marketed as Augmentin, increases the efficacy of amoxicillin against organisms that would be otherwise resistant to it. It is among the most widely used antibiotics in the United States. 

Pediatric patients 3 months and older- Based on the amoxicillin component (600 mg/5 mL), the recommended dose ot Augmentin ES-600 is 90 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours, administered for 10 days (see table below). 

Augmentin XR - Take Augmentin XR at the start of a meal to enhance the absorption of amoxicillin and minimize the potential for Gl intolerance. Absorption of the amoxicillin component is decreased when Augmentin XR is taken on an empty stomach. 

Recently, prodrugs have been constmcted in which amoxicillin (antibacterial agent) and clavulanic acid or cephalosporin 1-oxide (/3-lactamase inhibitors) are covalently linked. All these compounds show better antibacterial activity than Augmentin , comparable anti-/3-lactamase activity, and better solubility properties <2002BMC3489>. 

Drug-resistant bacteria inactivate /3-lactam antibiotics by hydrolyzing the amide linkage of the lactam ring. Augmentin consists of a /3-lactam antibiotic (amoxicillin) and potassium clavulanate, a compound that blocks the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis. This combination enables the amoxicillin to avoid being deactivated by the enzyme. 

---