Acids propionate

Water Formic acid Butyric acid Water Formic acid Propionic acid Water... 

Butane-Naphtha Catalytic Liquid-Phase Oxidation. Direct Hquid-phase oxidation ofbutane and/or naphtha [8030-30-6] was once the most favored worldwide route to acetic acid because of the low cost of these hydrocarbons. Butane [106-97-8] in the presence of metallic ions, eg, cobalt, chromium, or manganese, undergoes simple air oxidation in acetic acid solvent (48). The peroxidic intermediates are decomposed by high temperature, by mechanical agitation, and by action of the metallic catalysts, to form acetic acid and a comparatively small suite of other compounds (49). Ethyl acetate and butanone are produced, and the process can be altered to provide larger quantities of these valuable materials. Ethanol is thought to be an important intermediate (50) acetone forms through a minor pathway from isobutane present in the hydrocarbon feed. Formic acid, propionic acid, and minor quantities of butyric acid are also formed. 

Degradatiou. Heating of succinic acid or anhydride yields y-ketopimehc ddactone, cyclohexane-1,4-dione, and a mixture of decomposition products that include acetic acid, propionic acid, acryUc acid, acetaldeide, acrolein, oxaUc acid, cyclopentanone, and furane. In argon atmosphere, thermal degradation of succinic anhydride takes place at 340°C (123). Electrolysis of succinic acid produces ethylene and acetylene. 

Because of the insolubility of cellulose it is not possible to carry out uniform esterification with the lower organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid etc.) and in those cases where incompletely substituted derivatives are required a two-stage reaction is employed. This involves total esterification in a medium in... 

CHLORO-2,2,3-TRIFLUOROPROPIONIC ACID (Propionic acid, 3-chloro-2,2,3-trifluoro-)... 

Propiolsaure, /. propiolic acid, propionsatier, a. of propionic acid, propionate of. Propionsaure, /. propionic acid. 

A buffer is prepared using the propionic acid/propionate (HC3H502/ C3H502 ) acid-base pair for which the ratio [HC3H502]/[C3H502 ] is 4.50. 

Propionyl nitrite (Nitric acid-propionic acid anhydride). CH3.CH2,CO.O.NO raw 103.09 N 13.59% OB to C02 —85.36% golden-yel liq bp <60° (decompn). Prepn is by reacting nitrosyl chloride with Ag propionate... 

It is appropriate to add here some comments on diazotization in anhydrous carboxylic acids. They may be relevant for the diazotization of heteroaromatic amines carried out in acetic acid/propionic acid mixtures (Sec. 2.2). Extensive studies by Casado et al. (1983, 1984) showed that in nitrosation of secondary amines the nitrosyl ion, nitrosyl acetate, and dinitrogen trioxide are formed, and all three may act as nitrosating agents. The results do not, however, account for the considerable improvement that is claimed in the patent literature (Weaver and Shuttleworth, 1982) to result from the addition of carboxylic acids in the diazotization of heteroaromatic amines. 

SECOND-ORDER RATE COEFFICIENTS k2 AND KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR REACTION OF ArH WITH Cl IN ACETIC ACID-PROPIONIC ACID 40... 

When one of the two acids is used in excess and the pk -values of the two acids differ strongly, the salt deficit method should be used with caution. Formic add, acetic acid, propionic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid have been electrolyzed competitively in mixtures of pairs. Formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid are comparable in case of electrolysis, both are more readily electrolyzed than acetic and propionic adds. Deviations are rationalized on the basis of differences in ionization [147]. It might 1 useful in such cases to neutralize both acids completely. Sometimes one of the two acids, although being the minor component, is more favorably oxidized possibly due to preferential adsorption or its higher acidity [148]. In this case the continuous addition of the more acidic add to an excess of the weaker acid may lead to successful cross-coupling [149], The chain length of the two acids should be chosen in such a... 

Acidic modifier Trifluoroacetic acid Formic acid Propionic acid Acetic acid Ionization completely suppressed Good separation/ionization Good separation/ionization Best separation/ionization... 

Formic acid Oxalic acid Malonic acid Propionic acid n-Butyric acid Unknown... 

Fig. 7.4 Reaction scheme for the conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid, propionic acid and...

Figure 1. Acetic acid homologation (%) acetic acid, propionic acid, (A) butyric acids, and (V) valeric acids A, effect of Ru (operating conditions acetic acid, 417 mmol Mel, 20 mmol 220°C 476 atm constant pressure CO/H2 = 1/1) B, effect of Mel (operating conditions acidic acid, 417 mmol Ru(IV) oxide, 2.0 mmol 220°C 476 atm constant pressure CO/Ht = 1/1)...

Formic acid Acetic acid Propionic acid. . Butyric acid Monochloracetic acid Succinic acid Benzoic acid Chlorine. . 

P (3-ACENAPHTHOYL)-PROPIONIC ACID (Propionic Acid, p-3-Acenaphthenylcarbonyl-)... 

The waste products of a home include paper, containers, tin cans, aluminum cans, and food scraps, as well as sewage. The waste products of industry and commerce include paper, wood, and metal scraps, as well as agricultural waste products. Biodegradable wastes, such as paper fines and industrial biosludge, into mixed alcohol fuels (e g., isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol). The wastes are first treated with lime to enhance reactivity. Then, they are converted to volatile fatly acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, using a mixed culture of microorganisms derived from cattle rumen or anaerobic waste treatment facihties. 

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