Antioxidants propionic acid

The antioxidative activities of polymeric antioxidants prepared from Verona oil and the conventional phenolic antioxidant 3-(3,5-di-terf-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (DTBH), chemically grafted to polystyrene and polyurethanes, is similar and in some cases even better than that of the corresponding low-MW phenolic antioxidants [81]. 

Annex III lays down the conditions of use for permitted preservatives and antioxidants, with lists of foods and maximum levels in each case. Part A lists the sorbates, benzoates and p-hydroxybenzoates, E 200-E 219 part B lists sulphur dioxide and the sulphites, E 220-E 228 part C lists other preservatives with their uses, including nisin, dimethyl dicarbonate and substances allowed for surface treatment of certain fruits, E 249 potassium nitrite, E 250 sodium nitrite, E 251 sodium nitrate and E 252 potassium nitrate, E 280-E 283 propionic acid and the propionates part D lists the antioxidants E 320 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), E 321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), E 310 propyl gallate, E 311 octyl gallate, E 312 dodecyl gallate, E 315 eiythorbic acid and E 316 sodium erythorbate. 

Propionic acid is primarily used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial preservative in foods, and in oral and topical pharmaceutical applications. It is also used as an esterifying agent. 

Figure 1. CL time profiles upon injection ("on") of two forms of the same antioxidant (T.OxlO" M) into the probe solution [50 % cumene in PhCl in the presence of AIBN as an initiator initiation rate was 1.0x10 Ms at 333 K]. Curve 1 displays the response to the injection of Y-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-r-butyl-phenol) propionic acid taken from its organic-phase (PhCl) stock solution, while curve 2 refers to the effect of the potassium salt of this acid taken from its aqueous solution.

Di(tridecyl) thiodipropionate Di(tridecyl) 3,3 -thiodipropionate EINECS 234-206-9 Propanoic acid, 3,3 -thiobis-, ditridecyl ester Propionic acid, 3,3 -thiodi-, ditridecyl ester 3,3 -Thiobispropanoic acid, ditridecyl ester. Used as a secondary antioxidant preservative in pharmaceuticals, bpo.25 = 265° insoluble in H2O. slightly soluble in MeOH, soluble in most organic solvents. LD50 (rat orl) > 9000 mg/kg, (rbt der) > 4500 mg/kg. Cytec Hampsiwe Sigma-Aldrich Fine Cham. Witco/PAG. 

AI3-25276 Bis(2-carboxyethyl) sulfide CCRIS 3288 Diethyl sulfide 2,2 -dicarboxylic acid EINECS 203-841-3 HSDB 858 Kyselina (3,p -thiodipropionova Kyselina 3,3-thiodipropionova NSC 8166 Propanoic acid, 3,3 -thiobis- Propionic acid, 3,3 -thiodi- Sulfide, bis(2-carboxyethyl) TDPA 4-Thiaheptanedioic acid Thia-hydracrylic acid 3,3 -thiobis(propanoic acid) 3,3 -Thio-dipropionic acid Thiodihydraciylic acid Thiodiptopion-ic acid Tyox A. Used as an antioxidant in food packaging, soaps, plasticizers, lubricants, fats, and oils. Crystalline white powder mp = 129" soluble in H2O (37 g/l), very soluble in EfOH, Me2CO. CK Witco Corp. Evans Chametics Janssen Chimica. 

Commingled polyolefins are re-stabilized using about 0.06 wt% of a hindered phenol antioxidant, and about 0.09 wt% phosphite. Acids present in the mixture should be neutralized by addition of a sufficient amount of CalOH). For other compositions of PCW, other stabilizers, viz., thio-propionic acid, benzophenones, oxalides, benzo-triazoles, or sterically hindered amines may have to be used [Pauquet et al., 1993]. 

Butylated di (methylbenzyl) phenol antioxidant, nonstaining carpetbacking foams 3-(Dodecylthio) propionic acid/tetraethylene glycol dIester... 

It is well known that spatially-hindered phenols have antioxidant properties [3, 4]. Therefore, the test subjects used were preparations that are spatially-hindered phenols potassium phenosan (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-hy-droxyphenyl-propionic acid potassium salt) and anphen sodium (1-N-(acetylamido) -1 - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-methyl-malonate). 

The enzymes SOD, catalase and peroxidase are components of the antioxidative defense of the cell. As follows from the above, the CN-resistant respiration of propionic acid bacteria is responsible for most of the oxygen consumed by the cell with the attendant production of H2O2. The same type of respiration is the main source of superoxide radicals. It was shown (Vorobjeva and Kraeva, 1982) that NADH oxidation by membrane fractions of three strains, representing three different species, is accompanied by the formation of superoxide radicals (Table 3.11). Succinate oxidation, however, was not accompanied by a noticeable production of radicals. The highest rate of superoxide production was found in P, globosum, followed by P. coccoides and P. shermanii. Antimycin inhibited NADH oxidase activity in all the strains and simultaneously increased superoxide production by 32, 36 and 15%, respectively, in P. shermanii, P. globosum and P. coccoides. This showed that superoxide radical formation by propionic acid bacteria occurs in that part of the respiration chain that precedes the site of antimycin action. 

Edible films and coatings can be carriers of antioxidants (phenolic compounds such as butylated lydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, butylated hydroxytolene, tocopherol, citric acid, ascorbic acid, or natural compounds from heib extract) and antimicrobials (oiganic acids and their salts such as benzoic acid, soibic acid, propionic acid, chitosan, plant essential oil extracts, and so on.) to enhance their functional properties as active packagings (Janjarasskul and Krochta, 2010). Moreover, they can be carriers of nutrients, flavors, and colors to improve food nutritional and sensoiy quality. 

It is shown that tert-butyl ester 3-(3, 5 -fert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid possesses anomalously high antioxidative efficacy in radical reaction in the conditions of the initiated oxidation of wo-propyl benzene with an inhibition constant = 3 x 10 1-mol -s and number of stopping of chain f = 5. On the basis of results of quantum-chemical calculations enthalpies H°), entropies S°) and energy of a cleavage of communications OH-bond of tert.butyl and methyl ester 3-(3, 5 -di-tert. butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid are calculated energy of formation (-E°). 

In the present work it is obtained terthutyl ester 3-(3, 5 -di-tert-bu-tyl-4 -hydrox q)henyl)-propionic acid. In reaction inhibiting oxidations of rso-propylbenzene the specified antioxidant reacts with ArOO with k, = 3 X 10 I mol s and f = 5. From quantum-chemical calculations in approach PM6 geometrical and power parameters of structures methyl and tert-butyl ester 3-(3, 5 -di-tert-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic ac-... 

The methyl ester 3-(3, 5-propionic acid (1) is known as an antioxidant [12] and is characterized by values k = 2.3 X 10 l-mol-l-s f = 2, and this data is confirmed by the present work. However as a result of inhibiting oxidation at presence tert.butyl ester 3-(3, 5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (2) reaction proceeds with a specific reaction rate 3.0 x 10 l.mol" s , coefficient of stopping of chain f = 5. 

SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY AWAKE ANTIOXIDANTS IN REACTIONS OF ESTERIFICATION 2-(N-ACETYLAMID)-3-(3, 5 -DI-TERT. BUTYL-4 -HYDROXYPHENYL)-PROPIONIC ACID... 

Publications of last years testify to synthesis urgency biologically active materials with properties of antioxidants [1-4], In development of the delded direction perspective are synthesis and researches of properties esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propi-onic acid. Properties of esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid which antioxidant properties on a series of parameters are elose to properties 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert.butylphenol was earher investigated (an inhibition constant = 2.10 Lmol s ). Presence in a moleeule of esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid acetylamid group leads to change of anti-oxidative properties, and on value of a constant of inhibition come nearer to efficacy coimatural antioxidant - tocopherol (k. IO l.mol-l.s ) [5]. 

On the basis of quantum-chemical calculations of frames methyl ester 3-(3 , 5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid it is positioned that distinctions in antioxidative parameters can be bound to geometry of communications between kernels of atoms and influence of an electronic field on transferring of one of electrons to the top occupied orbital. 

Four main types of antioxidants are commonly used in polypropylene stabilizer systems although many other types of chemical compounds have been suggested. These types include hindered phenolics, thiodi-propionate esters, aryl phosphites, and ultraviolet absorbers such as the hydroxybenzophenones and benzotriazoles. Other chemicals which have been reported include aromatic amines such as p-phenylenediamine, hydrocarbon borates, aminophenols, Zn and other metal dithiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and thiophosphites, mercaptals, chromium salt complexes, tin-sulfur compounds, triazoles, silicone polymers, carbon black, nickel phenolates, thiurams, oxamides, metal stearates, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb salts of benzimidazoles, succinic acid anhydride, and others. The polymeric phenolic phosphites described here are another type. 

The stabilizer systems for polyacetals are invariably composed of a hindered phenol with a costabilizer. The hindered phenols in use are 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol), 1,6-hexamethyle-nebis-3-(3,5-di-rert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, and pentaerythrityl-tetrakis-3-(3,5-di-fert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate. A large number of nitrogen-containing organic compounds have been described as costabiKzers for polyacetals, e.g., dicyandiamide, melamine, terpolyamides, urea, and hydrazine derivatives. The effectiveness of these compounds is based on their ability to react with formaldehyde and to neutralize acids, especially formic acid, formed by oxidation. In addition to nitrogen compounds, salts of long-chain fatty acids (e.g., calcium stearate, calcium ricinoleate, or calcium citrate) are also used as acid acceptors. The practical concentrations are 0.1-0.5% for the phenolic antioxidant and 0.1-1.0% for the costabilizer. 

Pellegrin 1979). Urticaria to antioxidants like BHT and BHA was reported in 10%-12% of cases by Thune and Granholt (1973) and Juhlin (1977). Fischer-MAN and Cohen (1977) tested urticaria patients with a bleeding time test. They found that patients which were intolerant to BHT and BHA often cross-reacted to various additives such as Tween-80, sodium propionate, triglycerides, oleic acid, stearic acid, and olive oil. 

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