Microorganism-derived

The waste products of a home include paper, containers, tin cans, aluminum cans, and food scraps, as well as sewage. The waste products of industry and commerce include paper, wood, and metal scraps, as well as agricultural waste products. Biodegradable wastes, such as paper fines and industrial biosludge, into mixed alcohol fuels (e g., isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol). The wastes are first treated with lime to enhance reactivity. Then, they are converted to volatile fatly acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, using a mixed culture of microorganisms derived from cattle rumen or anaerobic waste treatment facihties. 

Table 3. Microorganism-derived natural product-based drug candidates under clinical evaluation. 

Hanaoka and co-workers (141) have reported several experiments describing the microbial degradation of arsenobetaine. Unspecified microorganisms derived from sediments, algae, mollusc intestine, or suspended sediments were incubated with arsenobetaine under various conditions. Arsenobetaine was degraded to TMAO and DMA in all cases and, for sediments and suspended sediments, further degradation... 

The values allow a rough characterization of the DOM according to its genesis— for example, whether it is more allochtonous (plant and lignin origin) or more autochtonous (algae- and aquatic microorganisms-derived). 

Tchounwou, P.B. and Reed, L. (1999) Assessment of lead toxicity to the marine bacterium, Vibrio flscheri, and to a heterogeneous population of microorganisms derived from the Pearl River in Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Review of Environmental Health 14 (2), 51-61. 

The controversy regarding the effectiveness of the DFM microorganisms can be explained partially by the use of defined and undefined cultures and by using various strains/species to get the desired effects. Defined product comprises of a known mixture of pure bacterial cultures derived from fecal and caecal contents of the bird, whereas undefined product consists of a homogenous mixture of known aerobic microorganisms and unknown mainly anaerobic microorganisms derived from the caeca of the bird (Mulder et al., 1997). 

Enzymatic cleaners contain enzymes derived from animals, plants, or microorganisms. Plant and microorganism-derived enzymes may cause sensitization in many lens wearers (391). A list of commonly used enzymes is provided in Table 10. AU these enzymes are effective in removing deposits from the contact lens surface (392). They are biochemical catalysts that are specific for catalyzing certain chemical reactions. Those that aid in removing debris from contact lenses are protease (protein-specific enzyme), lipase (lipid-specific enzyme), and amylase (polysaccharide-specific enzyme). Such enzymes catalyze breakdown of substrate molecules— protein, lipid, and mudn— into smaller molecular units. This process yields fragments that are readily removed by mechanical force and rinsing. 

WORKING SEED LOT A culture of microorganism derived from the master seed tat and intended for use in production. Working... 

Kampo medicine and other natural products different from marine microorganism-derived compounds are characterized as follows. 

The agrochemical industries R D is heavily involved in improvement of the production rate, quantity, and quality of microorganism-derived products. Examples of this are antibiotics in general and microorganism-derived insecticides (e.g., B.T. with broader insectkilling scope or greater biological activity). 

Mineral trace element vitamin amino acid essential fatty acid botanical-, animal-, or microorganism-derived substances homeopathic preparation traditional preparations... 

Further information about the energy content of microorganisms derived from experimental and theoretical data can be found in Chapter Quantitative Calo-rimetty and Biochemical Engineering by von Stockar and coworkers in this Volume. 

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