Work order systems

A few computerized PLM schemes are dynamic systems and can be integrated into an overall maintenance management information system. These contain maintenance inventory and purchase order modules and go far beyond just another work order system . They provide the necessary information to control complex maintenance environments, thereby improving productivity and reducing operational costs. 

An efficient work order system that provides adequate description of work to be performed, the parts required, and the procedures to be followed. This work order system should also document completed work information in equipment history files. 

Controls and sign-offs in the work order system that ensure Management of Change procedures are followed. 

An effective CMMS/EAM requires that a work order system be in place for control of work requests, monitoring of backlogs, control of maintenance labor, maintaining equipment history, and so on. Full utilization of the basic CMMS/EAM modules requires a sound commitment to establishing best practices for PM/PdM, maintenance planning and scheduling, and maintenance storeroom inventory management. 

During the transition period after being purchased by another company, the site was relying on the previous owner for preventive maintenance services. A thermography report issued eight months prior to the incident indicated the failed breaker as a potential problem. However, no work order was issued to address the breaker because the thermography technician did not have access to the site s work order system. 

As noted in the case study in Section 6.11 regarding the failed work order system, there can be issues with access to key systems necessary to perform the complete job, including the associated paperwork. Another possible concern is ensuring that the contract employees are properly trained and then determining who is responsible for maintaining and auditing this training documentation. 

Many of the potential ignition sources result from operational activities in the plant. These should therefore be handled safely by an adequate work order system. 

The work order system for reporting hazards is not sufficient if used alone. Although it can lead to hazard correction, it cannot correct unsafe practices or at-risk behaviors. In addition, the system is not useful for encouraging imaginative new approaches to improving conditions and procedures [2]. 

Many tasks will fall into more than one of these categories. A plant may also have a work-order system or one that requires specific authorization for all maintenance work. This system shoidd be written in a plant operating or maintenance procedures manual. It should be promin t in safety training programs. 

Effective planning and design of the workplace and job tasks are ongoing concerns as technology, facilities, materials, equipment, and operations are constantly under change. As part of the overall assessment, the design of any work order system should be reviewed to ensure that it can prioritize requests for hazardous corrective actions. 

Organisation Organisation Inadequate task allocation Inadequate managerial rule (deficient organisation of work due to the lack of safety principles). After the conclusion of the maintenance job (rupture disk replacement), the work order system required the process operator to sign-off upon the completion of service. However, there was no evidence that this occurred (no signal of a signed copy of the work order was found). 

As a sole means of reporting, the work-order system is not sufficient Although it can lead to the correction of hazardous conditions, it will not necessarily eliminate hazardous practices or provide for more imaginative approaches to standard conditions and procedures to improve woiksite safety and health. Issuing work orders prior to determining the cause of employee complaints may eliminate hazardous conditions however, the root cause of hazards may not get identified, and the hazardous condition may reoccur. 

Work order systems that ass special maintenance codes to safety-related items can provide the tracking of corrective actions. These codes require the maintenance department assign a higher priority to safety-related work orders. As specific safety work orders are generated, the list can be posted on safety bulletins or shared electronically so that employees can review the status of the corrective actions. 

A work order system may go through a help desk that relays request to the safety department, designated leadership team members, human resources, and others to ensure that the safety issues are not lost in the system. The work order system, as with any other aspect of operations, should be reviewed for its reliability. It should clearly provide a way of setting priorities for high hazard and high-risk areas. 

Facility-specific system including modules for air emissions, calendar, facility and agency processes, groundwater, hazardous waste, incident response, permit tracking, solid (non-hazardous) waste, work orders, and wastewater. 

Database for management of sanitary and storm wastewater collection systems. Maintains field operations data including safety history, engineering data, inspection recoids, and work orders. Requires 640K memory and hard disk. 

A common solution, which satisfies both the inventory control and quality control, is to institute a stock requisition system. Authorization of requisitions may be given by a person s supervisor or can be provided via a work order. If someone has been authorized to carry out a particular job, this should authorize the person to requisition the items needed. Again for inventory control reasons, you may wish to impose a limit on such authority requiring the person to seek higher authority for items above a certain value. 

An inventory management system should be established - meaning set up on a permanent basis to meet defined inventory policies and objectives approved by executive management. It should be documented - meaning that there should be a description of the system, how it works, the assignment of responsibilities, the codification of best practice, procedures, and instructions. The system should be planned, organized, and controlled in order that it achieves its purpose. A person should therefore be appointed with responsibility for the inventory management system and the responsibilities of those who work the system should be defined and documented. Records should be created and maintained that show how order quantities have been calculated in order that the calculations can be verified and repeated if necessary with new data. The records should also provide adequate data for continual improvement initiatives to be effective. 

The immediate cause of the disaster was the contamination of an MIC storage tank by several tons of water and chloroform. A runaway reaction occurred, and the temperature and pressure rose. The relief valve lifted, and MIC vapor was discharged to atmosphere. The protective equipment, which should have prevented or minimized the release, was out of order or not in full working order the refrigeration system that should have cooled the storage tank was shut down, the scrubbing system that should have absorbed the vapor was not immediately available, and the flare system that should have burned any vapor that got past the scrubbing system was out of use. 

Within the maintenance system, there is generally a means to determine when maintenance work is required and when that work is completed. Different facilities call such records by different names, among them work orders, work requests, trouble tickets, maintenance records, and work authorizations. Despite the variation in names, this valuable information contains ... 

Upon completion of the work plan, planning will order necessary stock and non-stock materials for delivery to the appropriate staging area. They then will enter the work order plan into the system. 

To ensure materials are available several systems can be used, assuming that all materials are planned and requirements are known in advance by stock number or requisition number. Some method of identifying these needs to a work order is required. The best method is through a computer, but manual systems can be used even though they require extra paperwork and manpower effort. The following systems and considerations are to be taken into account ... 

The condensate polishing system must be in excellent working order and typically operating in the ammonia cycle. 

As with boiler plant waterside functions, a major operational fireside objective is to maximize efficiency and keep maintenance and related costs under close control. This means that all fuel system components, fireside, and heat transfer surfaces must be kept clean and in good working order. Also, the fuel delivery, combustion, and flue gas emission processes should run equally perfectly. 

Now let us prove that this simple substitution 5 = toi really works. Let be the transfer function of any arbitrary Nth-order system. The only restriction... 

Several multivariable controllers have been proposed during the last few decades. The optimal control research of the 1960s used variational methods to produce multivariable controllers that rninirnized some quadratic performance index. The method is called linear quadratic (LQ). The mathematics are elegant but very few chemical engmeering industrial applications grew out of this work. Our systems are too high-order and nonlinear for successful application of LQ methods. 

Earlier work on systems such as Ni-Al-Cr reported in Sanchez et al. (1984b) used FP methods to obtain information on phases for which there was no experimental information. In the case of Ni-base alloys, the results correctly reproduced the main qualitative features of the 7 — 7 equilibrium but cannot be considered accurate enough to be used for quantitative alloy development. A closely related example is the work of (Enomoto and Harada 1991) who made CVM predictions for order/disorder (7 — 7 ) transformation in Ni-based superalloys utilising Lennard-Jones pair potentials. 

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