Working systems

The Fuji CopiArt monochrome proofing system is based on the photogeneration of color from leuco dyes or diazo-coupling (35). CopiArt includes both positive and negative working systems (Fig. 6). For the positive working system, a diazo compound (6) reacts with a coupler (7) as shown. 

Fig. 6. CopiArt proofing system (a) stmcture of positive working system, where A = organic base, = coupler, Q = microcapsule, and = diazo compound and (b) stmcture of negative working system, where A = photoinitiator, = leuco dye, Q — microcapsule, and...

Quality Management stresses participation by all involved in the work system, and their commitment to follow the systems meticulously and consistently. 

Enter any confined space, e.g. any tanks or pits, except in accordance with a permit-to-work system. 

Total enclosure may be in the form of a room with grilles to facilitate air flow this functions as a hood and operates under a slight negative pressure with controls located externally. Entry is restricted and usually entails use of comprehensive personal protective equipment. Ancillary requirements may include air filters/scmbbers, atmospheric monitoring, decontamination procedures and a permit-to-work system (see page 417). 

See also permit-to-work systems and operating procedures)... 

See also maintenance, permit-to-work systems, personal protection, site restrictions, access, modifications, personal hygiene etc.)... 

A permit-to-work system is essential to control entry into confined spaces, e.g. tanks, reactors or underground chambers. Requirements... 

Are staff trained in the use of the permit-to-work system and its significance ... 

Chemical and Process Industries Training Board (1977) Permit to Work Systems, CAPITB-16, London. Cheremismoff, P.N. (1992) Waste Incineration Handbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 

Are you involved m the transport of dangerous substances by road (replaced by IND(G)234L) COSHH and Section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work Act Permit-to-work systems. (Chemical manufacturing)... 

Wastewater treatment assistance. Software includes Data Handling System, Lab Dench File, Lab Stock Inventory, Scheduled Work System, Unscheduled Work System, Facility Stock Inventory, Tool Record System, Personnel Record System, Budget Control System, Equipment Record System, and Industrial Pretreaiment File. 

Which often lead to violations. The following deficiencies may occur in any applications of procedures, from operating instructions to permit to work systems ... 

This chapter has reviewed various PIFs which deterirune the likelihood of human error in the CPI. The list of PIFs in Table 3.1 can be used by engineers and managers to evaluate and audit existing work systems, analyze process incidents and generate error reduction strategies in conjunction with the techniques described in Chapters 4 and 5. 

One way of analyzing the data is to use a columnar format, with columns such as Displays Used, Control Used, Action, Decision, Goal Pursued, etc. which are filled in directly from the protocol information. A useful discussion of the application of the technique to process control tasks is given by Bain-bridge (1974), and Ainsworth and Whitfield (1984). Apart from collecting data about the task, discussions and interviews with the workers can get their direct commitment to a project and can make them feel that they "own" any proposed new work system. 

The root causes for this critical event both concern the operations department and the service department who ran the contractor maintenance team. The operations department (i.e., the day shift operations supervisor) failed to provide adequate supervision and instructions to the contractor team. Explanations of the nature of the permit-to-work systems (i.e., the need to report back at end of shift) should have been given, and the possibility and implications of work not being completed before the end of the shift should have been considered by both parties. 

Calculation of the SMB system The SMB system requires between 200 and 400 theoretical plates for an enantioselectivity of 1.5. The working system pressure is 10 bar. With the equations for the HETP and the pressure-drop, we have two equations for two unknowns. 

Following are advantages that have been proven by actual tests on working system. 

Net energy added to Stored energy system as heat and - - mass entering work system system... 

To reduce the hazard from any of the above the risk to the individual must be assessed and, where necessary, a safe working system/procedure prepared and/or a permit to work issued. It follows that, whatever procedure is adopted, it can only be effective if closely monitored. 

Notices relating to temporary hazards (and their subsequent removal) (See also permit-to-work systems and operating procedures)... 

Issue, control, testing and repair of lifting gear, ladders, scaffolding etc. Scheduled maintenance of key plan items Use of job cards/log book to identify tasks precisely Permit-to-work systems... 

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