System manuals

Advantages of the MAPPscan system compared to a manual system ... 

Both individual components and small prepackaged systems are usually available from the many general distributors as are manual systems. Some manual systems are purchased in conjunction with automatic systems. Some of the larger distributors also custom design small automatic systems using standard components. 

The major conclusion was that if blowdown is in fact of primary importance, then the current manual system must be improved to enhance blowdown response time. The estimated average activation time of 20 minutes would have to be brought closer to a matter of a few minutes. The basic problem underlying the long response time was a lack of a clear statement of blowdown... 

The recommended initial step is to determine the duration of the study period for the analysis by first defining a start date. The end date is determined by the maintenance records. For computerized systems, the last update of the overall system provides the end date. For manual systems, it may be necessary to define an end date to accommodate the lag time in updating records. The start and end dates define the maximum calendar time that a piece of equipment is available for service. The operating time for this equipment will be equal to or less than the calendar period, depending on plant operations and the equipment s operating mode. 

Foam extinguishing system-Available in automatic and manual systems, foam has the ability to adhere to surfaces, and thus provide a blanketing as well as cooling effect. 

The systems used for ingredient weighing can vary from a totally manual system to a totally automated system where the ingredients are untouched by human hands. The critical role of the ingredient weighing system. 

The above planned maintenance manual system provides a firm basis on which a computer-planned maintenance system may be developed. Having such knowledge and experience from working the manual system, the benefits that can be accrued from planned maintenance systems compared to the corrective or other non-planned methods previously used are numerous. It can be found that, due to the large amount of assets to be managed by the administration, it would be beneficial for the planned maintenance system to be transferred onto a computer system. A major non-technical weekly task is one of producing work dockets for issue and the subsequent entry into the maintenance records on completion of the work task. 

Technical benefits are also obtained more readily from a computer system in that if sound identification of assets is established through their asset number, codes etc., similar assets can be examined in the event of a failure of any similar asset, and spares can be held in stock to cover the range of assets for which they are required, rather than for each individual asset. In preparing the asset register and respective work tasks, these can also be more easily duplicated with respect to similar assets than is possible with a manual system. 

Scheduling of work tasks and therefore labor utilization can be carried out in a number of different methods on a computer, depending on the software system purchased. These methods can be similar to the manual system or they may take the form of automatic scheduling. That is, the work tasks are entered into the computer system with the appropriate hours and trades and the software program automatically schedules the hours evenly over the weeks of the year. In implementing such scheduling care has to be taken to ensure that such items as weekends, statutory holidays, annual leave, annual shutdown and seasonal... 

Has the company or department the necessary knowledge of the computer system to prepare and implement a planned maintenance program by this method The benefits to be gained from the use of computers requires sufficient understanding of both computers and maintenance to foresee the advantages over those obtained from the manual system. 

To ensure materials are available several systems can be used, assuming that all materials are planned and requirements are known in advance by stock number or requisition number. Some method of identifying these needs to a work order is required. The best method is through a computer, but manual systems can be used even though they require extra paperwork and manpower effort. The following systems and considerations are to be taken into account ... 

On some machines both hand-operated and electrically timed one-shot systems may be in use, the manual system being reserved for those components needing infrequent attention (once a day, for example) while the automatic systems feeds those parts that require lubrication at relatively brief intervals. 

An alternative for evaluating accuracy is spiking known amounts of standards to a food, as reported in several papers,although percent recoveries of spikes do not truly address the influence of the food matrix complexity on the extraction efficiency. Data evaluation procedures were developed as a manual system to assess the quality of analytical data for carotenoids in foods. ... 

Typical protein precipitation procedures use one volume of plasma plus three to six volumes of acetonitrile or methanol (or a mixture) with the internal standard at an appropriate concentration for the assay. Poison et al.102 reported that protein precipitation using acetonitrile eliminates at least 95% of the proteins after filtration or centrifugation, the supernatant can often be directly injected into the HPLC/MS/MS system. Usually this step is performed using 96-well plates that are ideal for semi-automation of sample preparation. Briem et al.103 reported on a robotic sample preparation system for plasma based on a protein precipitation step and a robotic liquid handling system that increased throughput by a factor of four compared to a manual system. 

Identify a type with interesting states and transitions. Some don t have any. Any boolean attributes are candidates for states. Similarly, if you have optional attributes or associations, there are frequently states in which those attributes must be defined. Some continuous attributes may have values that signify a qualitative change in behavior e.g. speed > 75mph may qualify as a speeding state. Look also for radical differences in behavior — eg, can be lent or not and for equivalent manual system stages or phases or temporary tags or marks or locations of an item or piece of paperwork. E.g. Book on shelves or held at desk or with member. E.g. hotel reservation in future folder or today pile. 

Specific guidelines for laboratory information systems include regulahons for computer conhgurahon, procedure manuals, system security, data entry/reports/ retrieval, hardware and software, and system maintenance. 

Foam may be applied to containment areas around a storage tank by either fixed, semi-fixed, or manual systems. Typical applications include ... 

Firefighting foam is the extinguishing agent typically utilized for flammable and combustible liquid storage tank protection. Protection is through fixed and manual systems for tanks. Such systems require ... 

Most dispensing systems are custom-made to meet the method of control or degree of automation required for the particular operation. Prior to installation of the dispenser, the system should be analyzed carefully to determine what possible batching errors could occur and, with the help of the admixture supplier, they should be eliminated. Commonly available dispensing systems and controls can be discussed under three main groups - fully automated, semi-automated or manual systems. 

All aspects of the electronic records and electronic signature systems in place have been designed to provide a level of security and control equal to or exceeding the equivalent controls inherent to manual (paper) systems. This equivalency principle provides evaluative criteria for all electronic signatures. There is not a mandate to make a system perfect, error-free, or completely hacker-proof, although these are all appropriate ultimate goals rather, sufficient controls are required to assure that an electronic system is as secure or more secure than an equivalent manual system. 

Before a system using a computer is brought into use, it should be thoroughly tested and confirmed as being capable of achieving the desired results. If a manual system is being replaced, the two should be run in parallel for a time as part of this testing and validation [13]. This means that every time maintenance has made an intervention in the equipment and any piece has been adjusted or replaced, a revalidation is required. This maintenance intervention could be in both hardware and software. 

If a manual system is being replaced by one of these technologies, the two systems should be ran in parallel for a time as a part of the performance qualification. 

The scope of the system generates many of the support requirements for the operations, usually provided by the system owner. The term requirement defines a bounded characterization of the scope of the system, and contains information essential to support the operation/operators. Some of these requirements include functional capacity, execution capability, operational usability, information needed to support validation, installation, commissioning, SLC documentation required, user s manuals, training, maintenance manual, system maintenance, system test plan, acceptance criteria, and regulatory compliance (e.g., Part 11). 

A set procedure for each grade must be set up and strictly adhered to. For normal quality assurance, the weights, temperatures, and times must be logged. The degree of sophistication of each plant can vary from a purely manual system to a computer-controlled, fully automated unit. 

If the batch is produced on a manual system, more detailed readings and times need to be added to the batch sheet. With minimal equipment the weight and temperature instrumentation will provide either hard copy or computerized records of the time, temperature, and weight of each batch. If a batching controller is used, the program for each grade must be routinely verified for a continued lack of corruption or unauthorized change. 

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