Skin reaction

Soap as used in personal cleansing products has a long safe history of use. Modem soaps have been specifically formulated to be compatible with skin and to be used on a daily basis with minimal side effects. Excessive use of soap for skin cleansing can dismpt the natural barrier function of skin through the removal of skin oils and dismption of the Hpid bdayer in skin. This can result in imperfect desquamation or a dry appearance to skin and cause an irritation response or erythema, ie, reddening of the skin. Neither of these is a permanent response and the eHcitation of this type of skin reaction depends on the individual s skin type, the product formulation, and the frequency of use. 

Neoprene Type TW was shown to have low oral toxicity in rats. The LD q was found to be in excess of 20,000 mg/kg. Human patch tests with Types GN, W, WRT, and WHV showed no skin reactions (169). The FDA status of Du Pont Neoprene polymers is described (172). Although polychloroprene itself has not been shown to have potential health problems, it should be understood that many mbber chemicals that may be used with CR can be dangerous if not handled properly. This is particularly tme of ethylenethiourea curatives and, perhaps, secondary amine precursors often contained in sulfur modified polychloroprene types. Material safety data sheets should be consulted for specific information on products to be handled. 

Light and Toxic Reactions In many individuals, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes skin reactions such as erythema, thickening of the epidermis, and darkening of existing pigment. Exposure to ultraviolet light also increases the risk of different forms of skin cancers, especially malignant melanoma. ... 

Glucocorticoid ointments are used to treat allergic skin reactions locally. They should be applied only for limited periods to avoid trophic damage to the skin such as thinning (paper skin). 

Common side effects of interferons are flu-like symptoms, fever, myelosuppression, and skin-reactions. 

Urticaria is a usually transient skin reaction marked by edema and the formation of wheals, smooth, raised areas. 

Prolonged exposure to sunlight may result in skin reactions similar to a severe sunburn (photosensitivity reactions). When going outside, cover exposed areas of the skin or apply a protective sunscreen to exposed areas. 

The ongoing assessment involves careful observation of the patient every 2 to 4 hours for adverse drug reactions when the antifungal drug is given by the oral or parenteral route. When these dru are applied topically to the skin, the nurse inspects the area at the time of each application for localized skin reactions. When these dm i are administered vaginally, the nurse questions the patient regarding any discomfort or other sensations... 

Griseofulvin Beneficial effects may not be noticed for some time tiierefore, take the drug for die full course of dierapy. Avoid exposure to sunlight and sunlamps because an exaggerated skin reaction (which is similar to a severe sunburn) may occur even after a brief exposure to ultraviolet light. 

Drowsiness, dry mouth, transient localized skin reactions, fatigue, headache, constipation, nausea... 

Epoetin alfa (erythropoietin EPO) and darbepoetin alfa are usually well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions include hypertension, headache, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, fever, myalgia, and skin reaction at tlie injection site. See the Summary Drug Table Drug Used in the Treatment of Anemia for more information on these drug. 

EPO) failure, anemia related skin rashes, fever, skin reaction weekly IV or SC),... 

Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, crystalluria Gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic skin reactions, headache, anorexia, glossitis, hypersensitivity... 

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, heartburn, hypoglycemia Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, hypoglycemia, allergic skin reactions... 

Koch and Kligman s [70] assessment of syndet bar soaps will be discussed in Sec. VI. To repeat their conclusion, the syndet bar soap containing a sulfo-succinate elicited the weakest skin reaction. 

Allen JR Tick resistance basophils in skin reactions... 

Numerous positive delayed skin tests in patients with contrast medium-induced non-immediate skin reactions have been reported when the patients were tested with the culprit contrast medium [summarized in 1]. In a large European multicenter study, 37% of patients with non-immediate reactions were positive in delayed IDEs and/or patch tests [13]. The majority of the patients also reacted to the culprit contrast medium and also to other, structurally similar RCM. Notably, in more than 30% of those skin test-positive patients a RCM had been administered for the first time. Thus, there is a lack of a sensitization phase. Again it may be hypothesized that these previously non-exposed patients may have already been sensitized. Different patterns of RCM cross-reactivity indicate that several chemical entities could be involved. No positive skin tests have been obtained with other contrast medium excipients, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and only rarely patients have been found to react to inorganic iodide. 

Mertes PM, Moneret-Vautrin DA Skin reactions to intradermal neuromuscular blocking agent injections a randomized multicenter trial in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 2007 107 245. Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gueant JL, Kamel L, Laxenaire MC, el Kholty S, Nicolas JP Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants cross-sensitivity studied by radioimmunoassays compared to intradermal tests in 34 cases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988 82 745. 

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits both intracellular and extracellular kinases to decrease renal cell cancer proliferation. The half-life of sorafenib is 25 to 48 hours, with a bioavailability of 38% to 49% and a time to peak concentration of 3 hours. Sorafenib is metabolized primarily by the liver by CYP450 3A4. Sorafenib is used for the treatment of renal cell cancer. The primary side effects of sorafenib include rash, hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, pruritus, and elevations in serum lipase. 

Taxanes Fhclitaxel Neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy Alopecia, fluid retention, myalgia, skin reactions, ulceration necrosis with extravasation, bradycardia, stomatitis, hypersensitivity reactions... 

Docetaxel Myelosuppression, severe fluid retention Alopecia, fatigue, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, nail disorder, skin reactions, hypersensitivity reactions... 

Select azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole) and the echinocandins are available for IA treatment. For initial therapy of IA, voriconazole had higher response and survival rates than c-AMB.102 An advantage of voriconazole is its 96% oral bioavailability, making use of this oral drug an attractive and less expensive alternative. The dose of voriconazole was 6 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for two doses, followed by 4 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for at least 7 days, at which time oral voriconazole 200 mg every 12 hours could be administered. Common toxicities reported with voriconazole include infusion-related, transient visual disturbances (i.e., blurred vision, altered color perception, photophobia, and visual hallucinations), skin reactions (i.e., rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity), elevations in hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, nausea, and headache.102 In addition, voriconazole increases the serum concentrations of medications cleared by cytochrome P-450 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 (e.g., cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors) concomitant voriconazole-sirolimus should be avoided.103... 

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