Handling hazards

Red Phosphorus. This aHotropic form of phosphoms is relatively nontoxic and, unlike white phosphoms, is not spontaneously flammable. Red phosphoms is, however, easily ignited. It is a polymeric form of phosphoms having thermal stabiUty up to ca 450°C. In finely divided form it has been found to be a powerful flame-retardant additive (26,45—47). In Europe, it has found commercial use ia molded nylon electrical parts ia a coated and stabilized form. Handling hazards and color have deterred broad usage. The development of a series of masterbatches by Albright Wilson should facihtate further use. 

D. D. Lockwood and H. W. Taylor, Toxicological Properties and Industrial Handling Hazards of D.E.R 361 Epoyj Resin, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., 1982. 

An annual publication. National Fire Codes for the Prevention of Lkist Explosions, is available from the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, and should be of interest to those handling hazardous powders. 

Elimination of dust handling hazards or losses, as in briquetting of waste fines. 

It should not be assumed that just because there is no seal, sealless pumps are always safer than pumps with seals, even with the advanced technology now available in sealless pumps. Use sealless pumps with considerable caution when handling hazardous or flammable liquids. 

Are the hazards associated with handling hazardous wastes disclosed to the disposal facility If yes, does the disclosure include information on proper spill response measures and is it protective of employees, transporters and waste handlers. 

SI 1982/1357 The Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations... 

Has all processing equipment handling hazardous materials been designed to minimize inventory ... 

Workers involved in hazardous waste eleanup, handling hazardous materials or other hazardous substanees, faee a more serious safety and health risk than do most eonstruetion or manufaeturing operations. In addition to the typieal slips, trips, and falls found in other eonstruetion or manufaeturing operations, employees handling hazardous waste or ehemieals may eneounter a variety of other hazards ineluding fires, explosions, and health-related issues assoeiated with exposures to toxie substanees. 

Provide some methods to help promote eonsisteney in health and safety program development for handling hazardous materials... 

Handling hazardous ehemieals has beeome part of most people s everyday living. Just eonsider gasoline, and how most people fill their own tanks. In the manufaeturing arena, ehemieals are eommonplaee. On hazardous waste sites there are a variety of unknown ehemieal substanees and other hazards that may take the form of a solid, liquid, or gas. The eflfeets of exposure to toxie ehemieals may either be immediate (e.g., aeid burns) or delayed (e.g., lung damage from inhaling asbestos). There are four routes of ehemieal exposure that exist ... 

Design features for enabling handling of product Handling of electrostatic-sensitive devices Handling hazardous materials Handling fragile materials... 

The Bhopal plant was half-owned by a U.S. company and half-owned locally. The local company was responsible for the operation of the plant as required by Indian law. In such joint ventures, it is important to be clear who is responsible for safety—in both design and operation. The technically more sophisticated partner has a special responsibility and should not go ahead unless it is sure that the operating partner has the knowledge, experience, commitment, and resources necessary for handling hazardous materials. It cannot shrug off responsibility by saying that it is not in full control. 

A related concept to inherently safer design is user-friendly design designing equipment so that human error or equipment failure does not have serious effects on safety (and also on output or efficiency). While we try to prevent human errors and equipment failures, only very low failure rates are acceptable when we are handling hazardous materials, and, as this book has shown, it is hard to achieve them. We should, therefore, try to design so that the effects of errors are not serious. The follov,/-ing are some of the ways in which we can accomplish this ... 

Lapp, K. and Werneburg, H. 2000. Flame Propagation Research Identifies Vapour Handling Hazards. Paper presented at the ILTA 20th International Operating Conference, June 12-15, 2000, Houston, TX. 

Staff at small, medium or large facilities handling hazardous chemicals... 

Stakeholder is a person or group that has a legitimate interest in the facility. For a facility handling hazardous chemicals, examples could be employees, neighbors, the board of directors, shareholders, and the regulatory community. 

Define plant areas handling hazardous and lethal materials and set rules for design considerations, such as ventilation, explosion walls, etc. Flammable storage materials may require enclosed dikes, foam systems and the like. Refer to National Board of Fire Underwriters or specific insurance company to coordinate recommended protection. Attaway has details on many points to consider. 

Shortly to be introduced is the need to obtain Hazardous Substances Consent under the Housing and Planning Act 1986 from the local authority for any site intended to hold 25 tons or more of LPG. This will be in addition to any requirement for planning consent and to the need to notify the HSE under the Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982. 

The importance of frictional heating in the initiation of expls is a subject of considerable importance. The frictional sensitivity is directly involved in the handling hazards of all high-energy materials and considerable attention has been directed toward gathering of frictional sensitivity data on almost all mil expls, in addi- tion to an entire host of pyrotechnic mixts and certain propints (Refs 6 17)... 

StiU another check on safety should be made. Are exits readily accessible Is the safety shower easy to reach Are areas for handling hazardous materials properly segregated Are areas of potential hazards away from important traffic lanes ... 

Of these sources, Kirk-Othmer s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology is particularly recommended for questions on chemistry and on end uses. For information on properties and on toxicity and handling hazards, Patty s Industrial Hygiene, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and the Aldrich catalog are very nseful. Questions on industrial chemistry should be directed to Ullman s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, and the texts by Chenier, Heaton, and White. Hawley s Condensed Chemical Dictionary is valuable as a source for dehnitions of the terms (language) of chemistry. 

The worst hazard scenarios (excessive temperature and pressure rise accompanied by emission of toxic substances) must be worked out based upon calorimetric measurements (e.g. means to reduce hazards by using the inherent safety concept or Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) and protection measures must be considered. If handling hazardous materials is considered too risky, procedures for generation of the hazardous reactants in situ in the reactor might be developed. Micro-reactor technology could also be an option. Completeness of the data on flammability, explosivity, (auto)ignition, static electricity, safe levels of exposure, environmental protection, transportation, etc. must be checked. Incompatibility of materials to be treated in a plant must be determined. 

Significant industrial demand for a more practical stabilized liquid bromine product has been known for several years. Until the invention and commercial development of STABREX, there was no practical means to overcome the inherent instability, volatility, and handling hazards of liquid bromine. The new technology solves several longstanding technical problems that bromine manufacturers tried, unsuccessfully, to overcome for 15 years. The practical use of STABREX stabilized liquid bromine and its... 

Randall, W. L., Safety in Handling Hazardous Chemicals, 8-10, UCID-16610, Lawrence Livermore Lab., Univ. Calif., 1974... 

DesMarteau, D. D. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 7194-7196 Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive element known, reacting, often violently, with most of the other elements and their compounds (note the large MRH values quoted below). Handling hazards and disposal of fluorine on a laboratory scale are adequately described [1,2,3,4,5][6], and a more general review is also available [7], Safety practices associated with the use of laboratory- and industrial-scale fluorine cells and facilities have been reviewed [8], Equipment and procedures for the laboratory use of fluorine and volatile fluorides have been... 

Handling Hazardous Materials, Technical Survey No. SP-5032, Cloyd, D. R ... 

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