Proper Use and Handling

A laboratory finds itself typically at the end of the traceability chain. Therefore, in order to produce traceable results it must be able to rely on all the references necessary in the measurement process, as well as on method validation [5]. A prerequisite for supplying traceable results to the customers is therefore that the values of all references are themselves traceable to stated references and are accompanied by a reliable uncertainty statement. The technical expertise of the laboratory as established by accreditation then must ensure the proper use and handling of these references and of the samples. This is generally a matter of training and expertise. It is particularly useful if there is expertise in the development and adaptation of analytical procedures, as this is much needed in the obligatory validation procedure. 

Educate workers about proper use and handling of pesticides. Let them be aware of the fact that pesticides are poisonous chemical substances. 

Proper use and handling of fuel-powered, pneumatic, and powder-actuated tools is also covered in Subpart I. Only employees who have been trained should operate powder-actuated tools. In addition, both power and hand tools should be maintained and serviced on a regular basis. Jacks are the last item covered under Subpart I. Proper blocking and securing of the lifted part is covered along with maintenance requirements. The standards also require the tagging of faulty or broken jacks so they will not be used by mistake. 

Procedures to protect against hazards (e.g., engineering controls work practices or methods to assure proper use and handling of chemicals personal protective equipment required, and its proper use, and maintenance and procedures for reporting chemical emergencies). 

Employees who are to use computer peripherals need to be trained on proper use and handling. This instruction should include how to properly attach cables, operate the equipment, and service it. Employees should be warned against overtightening screws. No screw attaching a cable to the back of a computer should be more than lightly finger tight. Half of all peripheral downtime can be attributed to overenthusiasm with a screwdriver. 

The industrial hygienist or safety professional must interpret the physical and toxicological properties to determine the hazards associated with a chemical. These properties are also used to develop a strategy for the proper control and handling of these chemicals. 

Toxicity Benzyl chloride is a severe irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract. Contact with skin may cause dermatitis, and liquid contact with the eyes produces severe irritation and may cause corneal injury.116119 Benzyl chloride is a potential agent known to cause pulmonary edema in animals and humans. Experimental studies have shown development of sarcoma in animals.1193 It is, therefore, important that workers be instructed to use and handle this chemical under proper management. 

Processing with the styrene monomer requires that precautions have to be taken to ensure the proper removal and handling of this toxic material. Legal limits in the workplace have been set up by regulations. Other monomers used include diallyl phthlate (DAP), para-methylstyrene (PMS), vinyl acetate (VA), vinyl toluene (VT), adding paraffin wax, and styrene suppressant additive. Suppliers and fabricators continue to target in the reduction of styrene monomer quickly, effectively, and economically. A wide variation in properties can be obtained by changes in polyester formulation. 

It is very important to remember that pesticides need to be used as tools to control and combat crop pests and unwanted weeds. With proper use and safety precautions during handling, storage, and disposal, pesticides provide benefits to the user and to the living environment. 

Hygienic behaviour - worker care in regard to pesticide handling can also have substantial impact on exposure. Workers who avoid mixing and spraying during windy conditions can reduce their exposure. Proper use and maintenance of protective clothing are also important behaviours associated with reduced chemical exposures. 

Proper preparation and handling of the analytical sample is probably the most important, although most often overlooked, step in analysis. The results of any analysis can be no better than allowed by the sample presented. With heterogeneous materials, it is especially important that great care be used in selecting subsamples for analysis. 

Discuss the safe use of household chemicals with the class. Emphasize proper storage and handling. Use the Everyday Chemicals bulletin board as a basis for your discussion. 

A typical specification for sodium chlorate in bleach is 1,500 mgpl. It cannot practically be removed from a solution but must be controlled by proper reaction and handling. Production at lower temperature, lower final product strength, and the proper pH limits the in-process formation of chlorate. The use of high-purity ingredients also contributes to this. Finally, prompt use of the product limits its gradual deterioration by reactions (32) and (34). 

It should be noted, especially in light of all the positive properties that acetonitrile offers for use in LC, that acetonitrile presents at least four drawbacks (1) Phosphate buffers, especially under multiply charged buffer pH conditions, have very limited solubility in acetonitrile (2) acetonitrile is fairly unstable and reactive with strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid) (3) it is one of Ifae most expensive solvents used in large quantities in HPLC and (4) when compared with the alcohols it presents an increased health hazard. However, with proper care and handling, acetonitrile is basically a safe and effective chromatrographic solvent. 

Proper care and handling of the windows used in IR cells are very important. The plates are generally a clear fused salt such as sodium chloride or potassium bromide. 

Proper storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids are necessary to prevent fire or explosion. Ventilation to prevent accumulations of flammable vapors is of primary importance because there is the possibility of breaks or leaks in the storage and handling in a closed system. It is important to eliminate possible sources of ignition in an area where flammable hquids are stored, handled, or used. 

In the laboratory you may use instruments that generate radiation (such as X-ray diffraction instruments) or may have sealed sources that contain hazardous levels of radioactive materials (such as y-irradiators or analytical detectors). You may also use unsealed, open sources of radiation. Both types require special training and education to learn proper procedures and handling precautions for these radiation hazards. We discuss first how to protect yourself from sources of radiation in laboratory instrumentation. 

When using catalysts industrially it is important that the shape and size of the particles selected provide a proper balance between activity in the process and pressure drop through the reaction vessel. Thus, process design plays an important role in catalyst development. As catalysts ate used and handled in increasingly large quantities, physical strength is one of the common factors in selecting any of the available shapes shown in Table 1.2. 

When heating the source material, volatile species on the surface and in the bulk are the first to vaporize. This source of contamination can be controlled by proper specification and handling of the source material as well as the use of shutters. 

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