Self reporting

Printing ink (self-reporting) M 42/53 1,6 1.0-2.5 smoking, and other employments... 

Confidentiality The patient s identity is held in strict confidence by FDA and protected to the fullest extent of the law. FDA will not disclose the reporter s identity in response to a request from the public, pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act. The reporter s identity, including the identity of a self-reporter, may be shared with the manufacturer unlese requested otherwise. 

Self-report questionnaires containing a mixture of open and forced-choice questions. These could be distributed amongst mentors, mentees, relationship supervisors, line managers and program co-ordinators. In addition, you could also use this method to consult with peers, customers and/or suppliers -i.e. anyone who could provide you with valuable evaluation data. Make sure, however, that you customize the questions to the group of respondents you are addressing. 

In general, with the exception of the central role that benzodiazepines play in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, the use of medications that have been approved for alcoholism rehabilitation remains very limited. A survey of nearly 1,400 addiction physicians showed that they prescribed disulfiram to only 9% of their alcoholic patients and that naltrexone was prescribed for only slightly higher proportion of patients (13%) (Market al. 2003). These tesults contrast with findings for antidepressants, which were prescribed to 44% of alcoholic patients. Although neatly all of these physicians had heatd of both disulfiram and naltrexone, their self-reported level of knowledge of these medications was much lowet than that of antidepressants. 

High dropout rates notwithstanding, those who stay in treatment have excellent results. Clients remaining for 90 days or more do better than dropouts on legitimate employment, number of arrests, self-reported drug use, and antisocial behavior these results hold true at 1- and 5-year follow-ups (Bale et al. 1984 DeLeon 1985). However, some research showed a negative correlation between duration of residence and outcome, particularly for clients with extensive psychiatric symptoms, who do comparatively poorly in therapeutic community settings (McLeUan 1986). 

De Peyster A, Willis WO, Molgaard CA, et al. 1993. Cholinesterase and self-reported pesticide exposure among pregnant women. Arch Environ Health 48 348-352. 

Bozette et al. (2001) examined expenditures for the care of adult HIV-infected patients since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. They interviewed a representative random sample of 2,864 patients in early 1996 and followed them for up to 36 months. They estimated the average expenditure per patient per month on the basis of self-reported information. According to their calculations, the mean expenditure was US 1,792 per patient per month at base hne in early 1996, but it decbned to US 1,359 for survivors in 1997, since the increases in pharmaceutical expenditures were smaller than the reductions in hospital costs. After adjustments for the interview date, clinical status, and deaths, the estimated annual expenditure declined from US 20,300 per patient (1996) to US 18,300 (1998). 

Food allergy is common in the general population and depending on the study its prevalence varies between 2 and 4% [15]. The rates are much higher if self-reported symptoms are accounted. Food allergy is more frequent in children than in adults... 

In population-based studies from the USA, self-reported peanut allergy in children rose from 0.4% in 1997 to 0.8% in 2002 [21]. In the UK, prevalence rates for peanut allergy are in excess of 1%. Data from England points in the same direction with a twofold increase in reported peanut allergy. 

Hepatic Effects. Hepatic failure was reported in the case of an accidental ingestion of trichloroethylene that led to an acute overdose (Kleinfeld and Tabershaw 1954). In other case studies, blood analyses revealed no hepatic injury in a man who drank several tablespoons of trichloroethylene (Todd 1954) or in women who drank about 20 mL (Morreale 1976) or an unknown quantity (Perbellini et al. 1991). Self-reported liver problems were not increased among persons in the trichloroethylene subregistry who were exposed to trichloroethylene in their drinking water (ATSDR 1994 Burg et al. 1995). 

Lowther, J. A., Avant, J. M., Gizynski, K., Rangdale, R. E., and Lees, D. N. (2010). Comparison between quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR results for norovirus in oysters and self-reported gastroenteric illness in restaurant customers. /. Food Prot. 73, 305-311. 

Consistent with the decline in use among youth in these indicators is the decline in self-reported PCP use among youth and young adults in the household population. The National Survey on Drug Abuse showed a significant decline between 1979 and 1982 in the percent of 12- to 17-year-olds and the percent of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting ever having used PCP, from 3.9 percent to 2.2 percent, and from 14.5 percent to 10.5 percent, respectively (Miller et al. 1983). 

Self-Reported Drug Use in the Four Groups of Arrestees... 

TABLE 4. Self-reported drug use and treatment, by urine test... 

Wish, E.D. Strug, D. Anderson, K. Miller, T. and Johnson, B. Are urine tests good indicators of the validity of self-reports of drug use It depends on the test. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Denver, 1983. 

There was a significant negative correlation between (log) admission urinary PCP level and self-reported time since last PCP use (r= -0.53, p<0.001). Visual inspection of a graph of these two variables suggested a possible biphasic elimination curve, with the initial phase having a half-life of 5 to 7 days, and the later phase a half-life of about 30 days. However, formal curve fitting of these data to standard pharmacokinetic models (using BMDP... 

SELF-REPORT METHODS OF ESTIMATING DRUG USE MEETING CURRENT... 

Nesiritide has been shown to improve symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. In a randomized clinical trial, the safety and efficacy of adding nesiritide to standard care was compared to placebo and nitroglycerin.53 Nesiritide was found to significantly decrease PCWP more than nitroglycerin and placebo over 3 hours. Nesiritide improved patients self-reported... 

Busulfan Seizures, busulfan concentrations if being used with the BU-CY preparative regimen, number of vomiting episodes, nausea by patient self-report... 

The inconsistent effects of caffeine in cognitively mediated performance tasks may result from differences in age groups, dosage levels, and environmental factors.124-125 The latter have been shown to substantially affect arousal126-127 in both adults128-129 and children.130-131 Office noise is effective in increasing self-reported arousal,132 as are white noise in the laboratory,94 exercise,133 and stress.134 Such environmental factors are sources of arousal and can interact with stimulants like caffeine.135... 

On the more positive side, caffeine has been shown not only to have positive mood effects under some circumstances, as discussed above, but more specifically to increase self-reported happiness and feelings of pleasure. This hedonic effect may, however, occur only at relatively low doses.42 More generally, any dose under 300 mg may, depending on other conditions contributing to arousal, promote happiness27 and can even cause euphoria-like symptoms in animals.235 As the dosage increases above 300 mg, levels of contentedness decrease.175... 

Evans, S. M., and Griffiths, R. R., Dose-related caffeine discrimination in normal volunteers Individual differences in subjective effects and self-reported cues. Behavioral Pharmacology 2, 345-356, 1991. 

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