Antisocial behavior

Merely as an observer of natural phenomena, I am fascinated by my own personal appearance. As a matter of fact, my npper lip is pretty fascinating by itself, in a bizarre sort of way. 

When these hierarchies are disturbed, new social orders must be established. When two small groups merge, the disturbance is short-lived and the stress is limited. With crowding, however, the number of individuals involved is large, and the possibility of establishing a new, stable social order diminishes. In this case, emotional distress continues unabated. 

Laboratory studies on rats have shown that rats raised under crowded conditions exhibited perverse and antisocial behavior (Booth, 1976). The incidence of aggressive episodes increased markedly, which tended to stress the entire community. Those rats that were the most hardy avoided stress by establishing territories in areas that were easiest to protect. Some of the rats engaged in 

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High dropout rates notwithstanding, those who stay in treatment have excellent results. Clients remaining for 90 days or more do better than dropouts on legitimate employment, number of arrests, self-reported drug use, and antisocial behavior these results hold true at 1- and 5-year follow-ups (Bale et al. 1984 DeLeon 1985). However, some research showed a negative correlation between duration of residence and outcome, particularly for clients with extensive psychiatric symptoms, who do comparatively poorly in therapeutic community settings (McLeUan 1986). 

The sex chromosome abnormalities are generally less severe In terms of their effects on mental development, but two of them, the XO and XX abnormalities, are associated with sterility and other abnormalities In Individuals who develop as females or males, respectively The two other sex chromosome abnormalities, XXX and X Y, are more problematic The XXX constitution does not produce significant abnormalities In the females who have It but can. In some Individuals, be associated with a modest degree of mental slowness (45) The XYY constitution. In the males who have It, appears to be associated with Increased stature and, at least In some Individuals, with a tendency toward antisocial behavior (46, 47) While the absolute Incidence of such behavior of XYY Individuals Is probably quite low. It Is still thou t to be higher than In a chromosomally normal population These two sex-chromosome abnormalities have been specifically mentioned because they have engendered considerable concern about what types of counseling should be given In situations In which they are detected prenatally ... 

Factor analyses of the PCL-R (e.g., Hare, 1991) identified two underlying factors interpersonal-affective (Factor 1, including such traits as callous ) and antisocial behavior (Factor 2, e.g., juvenile delinquency ). The interpersonal-affective features are generally considered to be central to the construct (e.g., Harpur, Hart, Hare, 1994). It is important to note that a similar construct is included in the DSM—antisocial personality disorder— but it is defined primarily in behavioral terms and does not match many of the nonbehavioral aspects of Cleckley s description. Moreover, both constructs overlap substantially with the concept of criminality, but they are not isomorphic with it. An individual can be a psychopath and can still be successful and without a criminal record. 

Taxon Scale (CATS) and were later used in other studies. This finding suggests that the nature of criminal behavior changes across the life span in childhood it is reflective of latent taxonicity, but it primarily taps continuous variance in adults. This conclusion is somewhat at odds with the finding that Factor 2 of the PCL-R (antisocial behavior) is taxonic. Perhaps the inconsistency reflects a disconnection between criminality and behavioral manifestations of psychopathy. 

Skilling, T. A., Quinsey, V. L., Craig, W. M. (2001). Serious antisocial behavior in boys Evidence of an underlying taxon. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28,... 

IQ loss effects on special education needs Delinquent and antisocial behavior in children... 

Additionally, impulse-control and attention problems, hyperactivity, and even antisocial behavior could be caused by a prenatal exposure to psychoactive drugs that escaped detection. Research has linked these conditions with known prenatal toxicity, and the consequences of low levels of prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances can sometimes be missed. In these instances, the symptoms are more likely to be observed as behavioral and attributed to other causes (such as Attention-Deficit Disorder). Recent research also suggests that children of mothers who may have used substances during pregnancy also may be at risk for drug problems later in life (Baer, Sampson, Barr, Connor, Streissguth, 2003). 

If the client is an adolescent or child and engaging in antisocial behavior, then comorbid Conduct Disorder should be considered, although such behavior also may indicate an Oppositional-Defiant Disorder if there is little deviant behavior but lots of arguing and defying the wishes of authorities such as parents and teachers. Adult antisocial behavior is difficult to treat but usually involves use of behavior modification (see Chapter 5) through the use of incentives. Conduct Disorder and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder can be successfully treated with behavior modification and by modifying the youth s environment (e.g., using multisystemic therapy or the community reinforcement model — see Chapter 5). 

In some cases, Narcissistic Personality Disorder can cluster with both drug abuse and antisocial behavior. People with this disorder typically display grandiosity, selfishness/self-centeredness, exploitation of others, beliefs about being gifted and special, arrogance, an excessive preoccupation with self and personal appearances, and the need to have others affirm how special they are. Sometimes these qualities are difficult to separate from antisocial behavior, but key differences center around the criminal behavior and the ability to inflict physical cruelty found in antisocial behavior. Effective treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy as well. 

Collateral. A clinical term used to denote a significant other to a client or patient. Conduct Disorder. An adolescent disorder that features deviant and antisocial behavior. 

Those of us who do get out and get heard often make people angry. We re called crazy, and we might look crazy. Some of us are insecure and apologize a lot, or have antisocial behavior from chemical reactions or from the withdrawal from exposures. 

Cadoret, R.J., Cain, C.A., and Crowe, R.R. (1983) Evidence for gene-environment interaction in development of adolescent antisocial behavior. Behav Genet 13 301-310. 

Cloninger, C.R. and Gottesman, LI. (1987) Genetic and environmental factors in antisocial behavior disorders. In Mednick, S.A., Moffitt, T.E., and Stark, S.A., eds. The Causes of Crime New Biological Approaches. New York Cambridge University Press, pp. 92-109. 

Kazdin, A. (1987) Treatment of antisocial behaviors in children current status and future directions. Psychol Bull 102 187-203. 

Grove, W.M., Eckert, E.D., Heston, L., Bouchard, T.J., Segal, N., and Lykken, D.T. (1990) Heritability of substance abuse and antisocial behavior a study of monozygotic twins reared apart. Biol Psychiatry 27 1293-1304. 

Self-report of Delinquency (SRD) or Self-report of Antisocial Behavior (SRA-younger)... 

Items cover overt and covert antisocial behavior... 

Hinshaw, S., Heller, T. and McHale, J. (1992). Covert antisocial behavior in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder external validation and effects of methylphenidate. / Consult Clini Psychol 60 274-281. 

McGee, R., Williams, S., and Silva, P.H. (1985) Factor structure and correlates of ratings of inattention, hyperactivity, and antisocial behavior in a large sample of 9-year old children from the general population. J Consult Clin Psychol 53 480 90. 

High levels of aggression have been reported in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) (Knox et al., 2000). Delinquent youth and youth with CD have high rates of affective illness (Puig-Antich 1987 Pliszka et al., 2000). Children and adolescents suffering from both MDD and antisocial behavior are at highest risk for suicidal acts (Brent et al., 1993). 

Loeber, R. (1991) Antisocial behavior more enduring than changeable / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30 393-397. 

Kazdin, A. (1985) Treatment of Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. Homewood, II Dorsey Press, 1985. 

Tolerance to dissociative anesthetics does develop. Psychological dependence is greater than physical dependence, although withdrawal symptoms may last for several weeks and include diarrhea, chills, tremor, anxiety, depression, and irritability. Prolonged use of PCP may induce permanent learning disabilities, amnesia, depression, and antisocial behavior. 

In the old, sedatives and hypnotics are best avoided. When mental capacity or reserve is already reduced, these medicines can only reduce it further. In some people memory is worsened and control of the limbs impaired by as little as half a tablet of nitrazepam at night. Its withdrawal may restore their liberty. Confusion, falls, fractures, fear, urinary incontinence, antisocial behavior, and aggression are all seen at times to be due to sedatives and hypnotics. 

This statute, therefore, is not one which punishes a person for the use of narcotics, for their purchase, sale or possession, or for antisocial or disorderly behavior resulting from their administration. It is not a law which even purports to provide or require medical treatment. Rather, we deal with a statute which makes the status of narcotic addiction a criminal offense, for which the offender may be prosecuted at any time before he reforms. California has said that a person can be continuously guilty of this offense, whether or not he has ever used or possessed any narcotics within the State, and whether or not he has been guilty of any antisocial behavior there. 

Amphetamines have the potential to produce unprovoked, random, and often senseless violence, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). They are likely to demonstrate paranoia, antisocial behavior, become overly verbally and physically aggressive, and start fights over literally nothing. 

Alcoholism may not depend on the amount of alcohol consumed, but on the way an individual drinks and the effect alcohol has on the person. .— Many young people drink to get drunk. They may drink heavily only on the weekends and think there is no problem, even though falling grades and antisocial behavior are common for binge drinkers. 

Soyka M, et al. Association of 5-HT1B receptor gene and antisocial behavior in alcoholism. J Neural Transm 2004 111(1) 101-109. 

The association between mania and antisocial behavior, including violence, is underscored in the DSM-IV. Aggression is specifically mentioned as a feature of manic behavior. It is noted that antisocial behaviors may accompany the Manic Episode, ethical concerns may be disregarded even by those who are typically very conscientious, the person may become hostile and physically threatening to others and physically assaultive, and the mood may shift rapidly to anger or depression (p. 330). The very next page in the DSM-IV repeats the reminder that symptoms like those seen in a Manic Episode may also be precipitated by antidepressant treatment such as medication (P-331). 

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