Hedonic effect

On the more positive side, caffeine has been shown not only to have positive mood effects under some circumstances, as discussed above, but more specifically to increase self-reported happiness and feelings of pleasure. This hedonic effect may, however, occur only at relatively low doses.42 More generally, any dose under 300 mg may, depending on other conditions contributing to arousal, promote happiness27 and can even cause euphoria-like symptoms in animals.235 As the dosage increases above 300 mg, levels of contentedness decrease.175... 

Kornetsky, C., Esposito, R.U., McLean, S., and Jacobson, J.O. (1979) Inracranial self-stimulation thresholds a model for the hedonic effects of drugs of abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36 289-292. 

Kometsky, Conan, Ralph U. Esposito, Stafford McLean, and Joseph O. Jacobson. 1979. "Intracranial Self-Stimulation Thresholds A Model for the Hedonic Effects of Drugs of Abuse." Archives of General Psychiatry 36 289-92. 

By determining the hedonic odor effect, the emotional reaction initiated by an irritation to the sense of smell may be included. It should not be confused with the kind of smell (it smells like. ..) or with the odor intensity (it smells strong to Figure 18.1.8. Evaluation ofthe hedonic effect of an odor weak ). It may be determined not only for sample [VDI 3882/2]. " ... 

Greening, L. A. Sanstad, A. H. and McMahon,]. E. (1997). Effects of Appliance Standards on Product Price and Attributes An Hedonic Pricing Model. Journal of Reguhtoiy Economics, 11(2) 181-194. 

Abused drugs generally produce pleasant effects that are desired by the user. However, while most individuals will experience these pleasant effects, not everyone abuses these drugs, and not everyone who abuses them becomes dependent on them. Why some persons abuse drugs while most people do not is a complex area of research. It appears that genetic, environmental, and cultural factors may all interact to predispose some individuals to substance abuse and subsequent dependence. The initial hedonic experiences secondary to use of drugs appear to be primarily due to their ability to activate the primary reward circuits in the brain. These same reward circuits operate under normal circumstances to reinforce certain activities that promote survival, such as food, social affiliation, or sexual activity. 

The revealed preference method is an indirect approach that is used in order to monetize use values. This method observes the real choice between money and the environmental goods. Methods often include observations of consumers or producers behaviour or actions, such as the hedonic price method and the production function method. The hedonic price method determines values from actual market transactions. These transactions are used to see how the price of a market commodity varies when a related environmental good changes, such as the effects of noise or air pollution on house prices. The production function method is used to estimate the value of the environmental effects on production. This method is suitable when consumption or production of a private good is affected by the environmental good. An example is the valuation of ground-level ozone levels by valuing the impact on the production of wheat or timber, which has market prices. The problem with the revealed preference method is that it does not contain all the individuals values that affect the WTP. 

Assessment and Effects of Odours—Intensity and Hedonic Tone... 

Even more importantly, URB597 seems to lack hedonic properties, as it had no effect on two rat models of abuse potential, the conditioned place preference test and the drug discrimination test (Kathuria et al., 2003). Similar results have been recently obtained also in experiments with monkeys (Justinova et al., 2008). 

Additional evidence against a simple hedonic function of the NAc DA transmission in food reward is provided by the observation that the behavioral effects of impairment of DA transmission on a concurrent operant and approach response for food are different... 

Summing up, impairment of DA transmission by DA receptor antagonists and in particular by D1 receptor antagonists impairs the acquisition of place preference conditioned by nondrug rewards (food, water, sucrose and sex). This effect is unrelated to an impairment of the hedonic impact of the rewards, consistent with other evidence, obtained from taste reactivity and consumption studies, that DA is not involved in stimulus-bound hedonia. Therefore, conditioned place-preference studies utilizing conventional rewards support a role of DA in Pavlovian incentive learning. 

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