Self-report questionnaires

These findings are based solely on questionnaire self-report data. Undoubtedly it would have been an advantage if comparable data could have been obtained from the youngsters parents and/or teachers, but the requirements of confidentiality put this out of the question. In any event, the desirability of objective data has to be viewed in the light of who is best placed to identify the problem in question. 

Self-report questionnaires containing a mixture of open and forced-choice questions. These could be distributed amongst mentors, mentees, relationship supervisors, line managers and program co-ordinators. In addition, you could also use this method to consult with peers, customers and/or suppliers -i.e. anyone who could provide you with valuable evaluation data. Make sure, however, that you customize the questions to the group of respondents you are addressing. 

Ebstein RP (2006) The molecular genetic architecture of human personality beyond self-report questionnaires. Mol Psychiatry 11(5) 427 45... 

Ranee et al. (2005) conducted a questionnaire-based survey of food allergy in 2716 school children in France. Four cases of molluscan shellfish allergy were reported to mussels, snails, and oysters among this group. Thus, the self-reported prevalence of molluscan shellfish allergy in this population of children was 0.15%. 

Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) 34 items single score Self-report Cooper et al., 1987... 

Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) 51 items 3 subscales Self-report Stunkard and Messick, 1995... 

The correlates of attitudes toward lithium compliance in bipolar patients were studied by Cochran and Gitlin (189). This questionnaire study was part of a larger design looking at factors in lithium prophylaxis. The questionnaire packets were sent to 146 patients, 48 of whom were ultimately included in the analysis. This study evaluated the usefulness of Ajzen and Fishbein s Theory of Reasoned Action to explain the relationships among lithium-related beliefs and attitudes, normative beliefs, behavioral intentions, and self-reported compliance with treatment. According to the model, lithium patients normative beliefs (i.e., beliefs that other relevant people such as family, friends, personal psychiatrist, and lithium experts want the patient to take lithium) predict their subjective norms, which is the expectation that others want them to take lithium. Subsequently, both the subjective norm and the evaluative behavioral attitudes (i.e., positive nature of treatment) were predictive of the patients reported intent to take lithium. This, in turn, was predictive of concurrent self-reported compliance with the medication regimen. These results underscore the importance of the patient-physician relationship in lithium compliance. 

Comey, R.H. and Clare, A.W. (1985) The construction development and testing of a self-report questionnaire to identify social problems , Psychological Medicine, 15 637-49. 

The experimental methods and the available comparison groups were such that only large effects were likely to be uncovered. The large standard errors, the initial differences between the exposed and nonexposed groups, the possibility that more than one exposure might have led to the same adverse effect, and the self-reporting nature of the questionnaire study all would tend to obscure small differences. 

The biomarker is validated in a cross-sectional population-based study to determine if there are correlations between self-reported HCA exposure (for example, food frequency questionnaire using photographs similar to the case-control study reported by Butler et al.) and HCA measurements. 

Use of a standardized methodology for data collection is critical for collecting information for all study subjects, regardless of exposure or disease status. Information must be collected on exposure, outcome, and effect modifiers or confounders. There are several methods available for ascertaining information on exposures and outcomes, such as self-reported data obtained in personal or telephone interviews, self-administered questionnaires, diaries, observation, existing records, actual physical measurements, and collection of biological specimens (Armstrong et al. 1995). 

However, the results from this study must be interpreted with caution, as there were some limitations the assessments of analgesic use and hypertension were made using a self-reported questionnaire relative risk can be influenced by many potentially confounding variables the results are relevant only for young women and cannot be extrapolated to the general population. 

Despite the high prevalence of the use of minor analgesics (aspirin and paracetamol) there is little information available on the association between the use of these analgesics and the risk of hypertension. A prospective cohort study in 80 020 women aged 31-50 years has provided some useful information (5). The women had participated in the Nurses Health Study II and had no previous history of hypertension. The frequency of use of paracetamol, aspirin, and NSAIDs was collected by mailed questionnaires and cases of physician-diagnosed hypertension were identified by self-report. During 164 000 person-years of follow-up, 1650 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Overall, 73% of the cohort had used paracetamol at least 1-4 days/month, 51% had used aspirin, and 77% had used an NS AID. Compared with non-users of paracetamol the age-adjusted relative risk... 

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