Visual inspections

Visual Inspection. Visual inspection should always be regarded as the first defense against failure (1). Without scientific proof, it is estimated that 80% of defects are found by visual inspection. A pilot walking around an aircraft, or a mechanic observing a machine in operation often finds defects very quickly. The cost of this inspection is minimal. Human factor considerations are particularly important for the visual inspection process. Although the visual inspection is perhaps the most inexpensive and finds the most defects, the 20% of the defects remaining after the visual inspection must also be found thus the more costly and technically elaborate NDE methods are needed. 

Monitoring the cathodic protection of filter tanks extends to the control of protection current levels with the use of ammeters and/or current-operated light diodes. The internal condition of tanks should be inspected visually every 2 years. 

Before first use hoses to be inspected visually internally and externally and tested at proof pressure. Repeat at least annually and include check on electrical resistance. The resistance of the complete assembly should be not more than 15 ohms, unless the hose is intended to be non-conducting when resistance should be at least 25 000 ohms. Inspect hose daily when in use. Hoses used at monobuoys should also be hydraulically tested. 

A filter press is used to determine the wall-building characteristics of a mud. This press consists of a cylindrical chamber, which may withstand alkaline milieu. A filter paper is placed on the bottom of the chamber. The mud is placed into the chamber and a pressure of 0.7 MPa is applied. After 30 minutes the volume of filtrate is reported. The filter-cake is inspected visually and the consistency is noted as hard, soft, tough, rubbery, or firm. 

In areas where the highest indoor Rn-222 concentrations were measured, the source term was studied at the site. Houses with high concentration were inspected visually, especially the basement, and the heating and ventilation system was discussed with the householders. Field measurements of Rn-222 exhalation rates were perfored near the houses and at furture building sites in the municipality. 

Since they cannot be inspected visually, they are unknown quantities from the point of view of cleanliness and reliability. 

The importance of visual inspection Visual inspection of reactants and product molecules offers a library designer tremendous value in terms of what product molecules can or cannot be synthesized to help formulate and address SAR hypotheses. Project medicinal chemists have fondly called this popular approach cerebral processing. PGVL Hub has provided a capable environment to enable this approach (e.g., Structural Viewer panel with many molecules per page for fast browsing, sorting of displayed molecules by molecular properties, and multiple color markers to label molecules for further processing). 

Ozone data includes measurements from 380 quality controlled Vaisala ECC-ozone soundings. Ozone profiles from soundings have been inspected visually and by comparing the profile based total column ozone to the spectrometric column ozone measured preferably by Dobson spectroradiometer in Marambio or by satellite based TOMS-instrument. No normalisation factor was used to correct the profiles dubious spikes were nevertheless corrected. Soundings were made twice a month from January until July and twice a week from August until January. Occasional interruptions of soundings have existed. 

Peak purity software incorporating routines for data acquisition and reduction, extraction and comparison of spectra, and display of analytical results can be utilized in either an interactive or automated fashion. A desired sequence of operations can be recorded in a peak purity analysis method file and can run unattended after input parameters are selected. As the quality of the determination is highly dependent on the preanalysis data treatment, results should be inspected visually to verify that peaks are properly baseline-separated and correctly integrated. 

Remove MP unit from its plastic packing and inspect visually for cracks, faulty seals, etc. 

The test boards were inspected visually, cleaned, and baked dry before application of solder mask. The various solder masks were applied and cured according to methods specified by the solder mask supplier. The solder masks tested are described in Table II. A typical insulation resistance determination is performed by placing five test boards in the test fixture and following the measurement procedure. The test fixture is sealed in the humidity chamber and placed in the oven. The specified conditions (Table I) are controlled by the oven temperature. 

Tc-CEA-Scan injection is a clear, colorless solution suitable for intravenous injection, used as a single dose (740-1100 MBq resp., 20-30 mCi). The total volume is 2 ml. The pH of the injection solution is 5.0-7.0. The injection solution should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration. If either is present, the product should be discarded (Immunomedics Europe 2000). 

Multidimensional scaling [70] is a method for obtaining the best low-dimensional representation of a high-dimensional data set. Normally, a two- or three-dimensional representation is required, since it can then be plotted and inspected visually for clusters. In the classical scaling technique, the low-dimensional representation is obtained by extracting the eigenvectors of the (Af xAf) dissimilarity matrix. However, it can be shown that this operation is equivalent to a PC A of the (ApXAp) covariance matrix, provided that the distances in the dissimilarity matrix are Euclidian or near-Euclidian [53]. Since the covariance matrix is invariably of smaller order than the dissimilarity matrix, PCA is to be preferred on computational grounds. The only exception is if the dissimilarity matrix is available but the covariance matrix is not, a circumstance that rarely arises in structural chemistry work. 

Inspection. Visual, spark testing, and thickness measurement where accessible. 

In each step of manufacture, the packaging of the starting material must be inspected visually for contamination and damage. Deviations which can have an unfavorable influence on the quality of the contents must be reported to Quality Assurance. 

---