Regenerating rat liver

Dwivedi, R.S., G. Kaur, R.C. Srivastava, and C.R.K. Murti. 1985a. Metabolic activity of lysosomes in tin-intoxicated regenerating rat liver. Toxicol. Lett. 28 133-1.118. 

Isotopic experiments on the cell cycle could also be performed with ordinary (non-autoradiographic) biochemical procedures if synchronized cells were available. The earliest animal preparation providing such a system for use in vivo was the regenerating rat liver. Stowell (1949) and Abercrombie and Harkness (1951) noted that DNA synthesis in livers... 

Ord, M.G. Stocken, L.A. (1980). Nucleoprotein changes in the cell cycle Interphase studies with regenerating rat liver. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 8, 759-766. 

Ord MG, Stocken LA (1968) Variations in the phosphate content and thioldisulphide ratio of histones during the cell cycle. Smdies with regenerating rat liver and sea urchins. Biochem J 107(3) 403 10... 

Duguet, M. and de Recondo, A.M. (1978) A deoxyribonucleic acid unwinding protein isolated from regenerating rat liver. Physical and functional properties. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 1660-1666. 

Histone kinases responsible for N-phosphorylation have been isolated from regenerating rat liver [109] and Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells [110]. One kinase with a pH optimum of 9.5 phosphorylated His-18 and His-75 of H4, while the other with a pH optimum of 6.5 phosphorylated lysine of HI. The enzyme from regenerating rat liver phosphorylated H4 at 1-phosphoryl histidine, while the carcinosarcoma enzyme phosphorylated H4 His at the position 3 [111]. Both kinases were cAMP independent [110]. Matthews and colleagues purified a 32-kDa histidine H4 kinase from yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [112,113]. The enzyme phosphorylated His-75 (1-phosphoryl histidine) in H4. His-18 of H4 and other histidines in other core histones were not phosphorylated by this kinase [112]. Protein phosphatases 1, 2A, and 2C could dephosphorylate His-75 of H4 [114]. Applying a gel kinase approach to detect mammalian H4 histidine kinases, Besant and Attwood detected four activities in the 34-41 kDa range with extracts from porcine thymus [115]. 

In regenerating rat liver only pre-existing H4 was phosphorylated at the peak of DNA synthesis [116,117]. The modification has a half-life of two hours and may be involved in replication of DNA [109,116,117]. The histidine kinases in yeast and Physarum polycephalum nuclear extracts are unable to phosphorylate H4 in... 

In the case of rat and human-breast cancer, an increase in serum-sialyltransferase activity is considered to be the consequence of both increased production and release, the latter perhaps through cell-surface shedding of the enzyme from the metastasizing, mammary-tumor cells.290 Accordingly, release of large amounts of sialyltransferase from hepatoma cell-lines derived from patients having hepatocellular carcinoma was observed, in contrast to cell lines derived from nomial human-liver.291 An increased level of sialyltransferase has been observed in regenerating rat-liver.292... 

Larsson, A. (1969). Ribonucleotide reductase from regenerating rat liver. Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 113-121. 

Richmond, R.E., DeAngelo, A.B. Daniel. F.B. (1992) Immunohistochemical detection of ras and myc oncogene expression in regenerating rat liver. Toxicol. Lett., 60, 119-129... 

Suppressed formation of lipid peroxides in homogenate of regenerating rat liver, but did not affect serum lipid peroxide concentration or serum lipid concentration, except for phospholipids 624... 

W6. Weinbren, K., and Billing, B. H., Hepatic clearance of bilirubin as an index of cellular function in the regenerating rat liver. Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 37, 199-204 (1956). 

Paranjpe, S., Bowen, W.C., Bell, A.W., Nejak-Bowen, K., Luo, J.H., and Michalopoulos, G.K. (2007) Cell cycle effects resulting from inhibition of hep-atocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in regenerating rat livers by RNA interference. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 45 1471-1477. 

Munsch N, De Recondo AM, Frayssinet C. 1974. In vitro binding of 3hlacrolein to regenerating rat liver DNA polymerase. Experientia 30 1234-1236. 

There have been a number of observations that indicate an apparent inverse relationship between levels of cellular lipid peroxidation and rates of cell proliferation [32,33] and extent of differentiation. Moreover in regenerating rat liver the periodic bursts of DNA synthesis (S-phases) are linked to corresponding depressions in the susceptibility of membranes to lipid peroxidation [34]. In addition, levels of a-tocopherol rise in relation to these periods of DNA synthesis (S-phases) [34],... 

Ruiz-Montasell, B., Martinez-Mas, J.V, Enrich. C.. Casado, F.J.. Felipe, A., and Pastor-Anglada, M. (1993) Early induction of Na -dependent uridine uptake in the regenerating rat liver. FEBS Letters,... 

Dock L, Scheu G, Jernstrom B, et al. 1988. Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and induction of enzyme-altered foci in regenerating rat liver. Chem Biol Interact 67(3-4) 243-253. 

Riis B, Risom L, Loft S, Poulsen HE (2002) Increased rOGGl expression in regenerating rat liver tissue without a corresponding increase in incision activity. DNA Repair 1 419-24... 

TS, DHFR and dUTPase were found to be persistently expressed at a high and constant level, comparable to that found in regenerating rat liver, in crude extracts from adult worms of Trichinella spiralis, as well as from developmentaUy arrested muscle larvae of both Trichinella spiralis (isolated 1-24 months after infection) and Trichinella pseudospiralis (isolated 5.5-13 months after infection). The results obtained with Trichinella pseudospiralis muscle larvae isolated with the use of pepsin did not differ from those obtained when pepsin was not used. Moreover, T. spiralis muscle larvae (T pseudospiralis larvae were not tested) contained also high level, comparable with that found in mouse leukemia LI210 cells, of DNA polymerase a, a key enzyme of the eukaryotic replication complex, its expression also known to be associated with cell proliferation. 

Thymidylate synthase specific activity, determined in crude extracts, was found to be expressed at a constant and surprisingly high level both in adult worms and in muscle larvae of T. spiralis, with monitoring continued as long as until 2 years after infection (Table 1). Mean specific activity was 0.094 0.005 nmol/min/mg (N = 27), comparable with that found in adult worms (0.10 16% nmol/min/mg protein N = 2) and regenerating rat liver (0.096 nmol/min/mg protein cf Rode et al. 1990). 

Takemura M, Yamamoto T, Kitagawa M, Taya Y, Akiyama T, Asahara H, Linn S, Suzuki S, Tamai K, Yoshida S (2001) Stimulation of DNA polymerase a activity by Cdk2-phosphorylated Rb protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 282 984-990 Tsukamoto I, Taniguchi Y, Miyoshi M, Kojo S (1991) Purification and characterization of thymidine kinase from regenerating rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 1079 348-352 VUpo JA (1983) Mitogen induction of deoxyuridine triphosphatase activity in human T and B lymphocytes. Med Biol 61 54—58... 

B. Fiszer-Szafarz and C. Nadal. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the regenerating rat liver. Cancer Res. 37 354 (1977). 

Effect of levorphanol tartrate on ribonucleic acid synthesis in normal and regenerating rat liver... 

The topology of the radical site pocket of calf thymus and mouse fibroblast ribonucleotide reductase was recently probed with a series of hydroxamate inhibitors of increasing bulkiness and will be discussed in the following section. Other mammalian sources from which ribonucleotide reductases have been isolated and more or less purified include rat Novikoff hepatoma and regenerating rat liver" rabbit bone mar-row 5,66) Ejjj-iich ascites tumor cells of mice and cultured human lymphoblast cells Some of their properties are described in Table 2. Many more animal and human cells were assayed for enzyme activity, frequently in mutant cell lines, to test for cell cycle dependence, mechanisms of metabolic regulation, drug resistance, and correlation with tumor growth rates. Representative studies of this kind, which rapidly expand in number, are summarized in Table 3. 

H2. Hannonen, P., Raina, A., and Janne, J., Polyamine synthesis in the regenerating rat liver Stimulation of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine and spermine synthases after partial hepatectmny. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 273,... 

Rl. Raina, A., and Hannonen, P., Biosynthesis of spermidine and spermine in regenerating rat liver Some properties of the enzyme systems involved. Acta Chem. Scand. 24, 3061 (1970). 

RIO. Russell, D. H., and Snyder, S. J., Amine synthesis in regenerating rat liver Extremely rapid turnover of ornithine decarboxylase. Mol. Pharmacol. 5, 253 (1969). 

Hirose-Knmagai, A., Oda-Tamai, S., and Akamatsn, N. The interaction between nucleoproteins and thyroid response element (TRE) during regenerating rat liver. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 35(4) 881-888, April 1995. 

Fig. 4 Ag-NOR staining on Western blots of nuclear proteins extracted from control (N) and regenerating rat livers at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hr after partial hepatectomy. The major staining bands correspond to nucleolin/C23 at 105 kDa and protein B23 at 38 and 39 kDa. [Reproduced from Derenzini et al. (1995a), with permission of the authors and publisher.]...

An in-vitro nuclear system prepared from HeLa cells, described by Friedman and Mueller (1968), appears to continue the DNA replication process observed in vivo. The system requires intact nuclei, the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, magnesium ion, ATP, and, in addition, a heat-labile cytoplasmic factor. The activity of the system was similar to the DNA synthetic activity observed in intact cells in synchronized culture (Friedman and Mueller, 1968). Cytoplasmic factors also appear to stimulate in-vitro nuclear systems prepared from normal and regenerating rat livers (De Beilis, 1969). The cytoplasmic factors are present in both normal and regenerating liver cytoplasm and stimulate nuclear DNA synthesis in both systems. The stimulation was most marked using regenerating liver factors and normal liver nuclei (De Beilis, 1969). When mouse liver nuclei are recombined with cell free cytoplasmic extracts from mouse ascitic or L-cells active in DNA synthesis there is a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis in the isolated nuclei (Thompson and McCarthy, 1968). Cytoplasmic preparations from HeLa cells also stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse liver nuclei. 

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