Mouse liver nuclei

A 35- to 40-fold incorporation (relative to other fractions) of labelled mercury into a nonhistone fraction of rat kidney nuclei has been reported [44]. By using flameless atomic absorption, a 12 to 15-fold enrichment of mercury was found in the euchromatin fraction of mouse liver nuclei [45, 46]. Mercury was not detected in the inactive heterochromatin. 

Other Metal-Peptide and -Protein Interactions.—The determination of protein-bound trace elements in biological material by neutron activation analysis has been described Zn, Hg, Cu, and Se were accurately detected in human liver samples, provided that most of the element concerned was protein bound. An interaction of mercury with a protein or a protein-DNA complex has been invoked to explain the partitioning of the metal in euchromatin over heterochromatin (from mouse liver nuclei) by a 10 1 ratio. " Bovine retinas, isolated rod outer segments and emul-phogene extracts of rod outer segments have been shown to contain appreciable amounts of Zn ", Ca and the zinc levels being light sensitive. 

Fig. 1. Two-dimensional NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE Gel of GT-labeled mouse liver nuclei. 5 xg of total mouse liver nuclear proteins were labeled with excess GT and UDP-[ H]Gal as described by Whiteheart et al. [30]. The labeled glycoproteins were then separated by a combination of non-equilibrium pH gel electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE as described by O Farrell [31]. The gels were impregnated with sodium salicylate, dried and the labeled glycoproteins were visualized by fluorography for the indicated times. Protein molecular weight markers are as indicated.

Ruff-Jamison, S., Chen, K. and Cohen, S. (1993) Induction by EGF and interferon-y of tyrosine phosphorylated DNA binding proteins in mouse liver nuclei. Science 261 1733-1739. 

The cytoplasmic factors that allow the induction of DNA synthesis may have little species specificity. For example, mouse liver nuclei injected into amphibian eggs undergo DNA synthesis (Graham et al., 1966). MammaUan cell cytoplasm can also stimulate the initiation of DNA synthesis in avian nuclei. The nucleus of a mature chicken erythrocyte... 

An in-vitro nuclear system prepared from HeLa cells, described by Friedman and Mueller (1968), appears to continue the DNA replication process observed in vivo. The system requires intact nuclei, the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, magnesium ion, ATP, and, in addition, a heat-labile cytoplasmic factor. The activity of the system was similar to the DNA synthetic activity observed in intact cells in synchronized culture (Friedman and Mueller, 1968). Cytoplasmic factors also appear to stimulate in-vitro nuclear systems prepared from normal and regenerating rat livers (De Beilis, 1969). The cytoplasmic factors are present in both normal and regenerating liver cytoplasm and stimulate nuclear DNA synthesis in both systems. The stimulation was most marked using regenerating liver factors and normal liver nuclei (De Beilis, 1969). When mouse liver nuclei are recombined with cell free cytoplasmic extracts from mouse ascitic or L-cells active in DNA synthesis there is a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis in the isolated nuclei (Thompson and McCarthy, 1968). Cytoplasmic preparations from HeLa cells also stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse liver nuclei. 

Stirpe, F. and Fiume, L. Studies on the pathogenesis of liver necrosis by a-amanitin. Effect of a-amanitin on ribonucleic acid synthesis and on ribonucleic acid polymerase in mouse liver nuclei. Biochem. J., 105, 779-782 (1967)... 

Akhtar RA, Reddy AB, Maywood ES et al 2002 Circadian cycling of the mouse liver transcriptome, as revealed by cDNA microarray, is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr Biol 12 540-550... 

Activation and nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CAR have been studied extensively. CAR is normally localized in the cytoplasm of liver cells. When treated with PB, CAR is translocated to the nucleus. This is the first step of activation of CAR in response to drug treatment. PB does not bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of human or mouse CAR. TCPOBOP binds mouse but not human CAR. In general, active transport of nuclear receptors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus requires a short sequence called the nuclear localization signal (NLS) that is exposed... 

The following mammalian (rat, mouse, rabbit) cells have been observed to take up aminoacridines and concentrate them in the nucleus lung, heart, liver, bone-marrow, spleen, tongue, kidney, and small intestines (De Bruyn, Robertson and Farr, 1950). That aminoacridines are not accumulated by the cell s protein is not surprising because their anti-bacterial action, in vitro, is not lowered by serum protein (Browning and Gilmour, 1913). Nucleic acids, on the other hand, strongly inhibit bacteriostasis by proflavine and acriflavine (Mcllwain, 1941). The maximal amount of dye which dissolved DNA can bind follows an order for the monoaminoacridines that is the same as the order of their antibacterial action, namely 9- > 3- > 1- > 2- > 4- (Jackson and Mason, 1971). 

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