Tumors growth rate

Mouse 1-10 mg/L drinking water Reduction in tumor growth rates 10... 

Mouse 0.2 mg/kg BW Reduces mammary tumor growth rate adversely affects thymus gland growth 22... 

Cardarelli, N.F., B.M. Cardarelli, E.P. Libby, and E. Dobbins. 1984a. Organotin implications in anticarcinogenesis. Effects of several organotins on tumor growth rate in mice. Austral. Jour. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 62 209-214. 

Alternatively, models of spontaneous metastasis from a primary tumor at either a subcutaneous site or better an orthotopic site may be used. Because of rapid primary tumor growth it is often resected to allow time for metastases to grow. Therefore, multiple metrics, including number of metastases, metastatic sites, relapse rate, time to recurrence, tumor growth rate, survival and... 

Tumor growth rate, as assessed by repeated measure of tumor burden, is analyzed using a repeated measures test (32). 

Fig. 3.6 Nanoparticle siRNA delivery for tumor treatment, a N2Atumor-beaiing mice received a single intravenous injection of 40 mg pLuc in RPP-nanoplexes only, with control siRNA or with Luc-specific siRNA. 24 h following administration, tissues were assayed for luciferase activity (n = 5). b Mice were inoculated withN2Atumor cells and left untreated (open squares) or treated every 3 days by tail vein injection with RPP-nanoplexes with control siRNA or VEGF R2-spedflc siRNA at a dose of 40 mg per mouse. Treatment was started when the tumors became palpable (>20mm ). Only VEGF R2-sequence-speciflc siRNA inhibited tumor growth, whereas treatment with control siRNA did not affect tumor growth rate when compared with untreated controls n = 5)...

The observation that these deoxyribonucleotide precursors exist in very low concentration in cells suggests that ribonucleotide reduction is a crucial and rate-controlling step in DNA synthesis and cell division. Indeed the level of reductase activity has been correlated with DNA replication (7), cell proliferation (2) and tumor growth rate (3, 4). 

Therefore, the daily AUC for TGI not only depends on the potency 1 lk2 but also depends on the tumor growth rate. Since tumor growth rate is slower in man (lower X0) than that in mice, the AUCXdaily in man should be lower than that in mouse. Similarly, the threshold concentration CT in man should be lower than that in mouse, due to slower tumor growth rate, as derived in the following equations ... 

The topology of the radical site pocket of calf thymus and mouse fibroblast ribonucleotide reductase was recently probed with a series of hydroxamate inhibitors of increasing bulkiness and will be discussed in the following section. Other mammalian sources from which ribonucleotide reductases have been isolated and more or less purified include rat Novikoff hepatoma and regenerating rat liver" rabbit bone mar-row 5,66) Ejjj-iich ascites tumor cells of mice and cultured human lymphoblast cells Some of their properties are described in Table 2. Many more animal and human cells were assayed for enzyme activity, frequently in mutant cell lines, to test for cell cycle dependence, mechanisms of metabolic regulation, drug resistance, and correlation with tumor growth rates. Representative studies of this kind, which rapidly expand in number, are summarized in Table 3. 

Head, J. F., Wang, F., and Elliott R. L., 1993, Breast Thermography Is a Noninvasive Prognostic Procedure That Predicts Tumor Growth Rate in Breast Cancer Patients, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 698 153-158. 

---