Lipid serum

The increased cerebroside content of many tissues has stimulated numerous attempts to measure plasma cerebroside levels, but a lack of appropriate methods has hampered such studies until recently. Thus, Jones and Thannhauser did not find differences between Gaucher patients and normals with values of 1.23 and 1.83 mg per 100 ml respectively in two subjects with GD and 1.83 mg per 100 ml in the serum of a healthy person. 

In 1958 SvENNERHOLM determined the normal serum cerebroside level with newer methods and found a value of 4.36 0.18 mg per 100 ml. The average serum cerebroside level in 6 splenectomized Gaucher patients was twice normal, namely 

1 (range 5.9 to 9.9) mg per 100 ml (Hillborg and Svennerholm 1960). Further relevant data are obviously needed. The cerebroside content of red blood cells was likewise found by these authors to be elevated, although to a lesser degree than that of the serum and with a wide variation of values. 

No abnormalities of other serum lipid fractions have been found. 

Most available data are not comparable due to the different origins of analyzed tissue samples and to different methods of fixation. Rouser et al. (1965) found a 50% decrease of the cerebroside content of the brain in a chronic case without 

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Ammonium sulfate triglycerides, serum lipids 25 — 85 mm at 150 °C, yields fluorescent derivatives [197]... 

An increase in serum lipids is believed to contribute to or cause atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by deposits of fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries. These deposits result in a narrowing of the lumen (inside diameter) of the artery and a decrease in blood supply to the area served by the artery. When these fatty deposits occur in the coronary arteries, the patient experiences coronary artery disease. Lowering blood cholesterol levels can arrest or reverse atherosclerosis in the vessels and can significantly decrease the incidence of heart disease. 

The therapeutic effect is achieved and serum lipid levels are decreased. 

F 23.4 F (increased liver weight centrilobular enlargement, increased serum lipids and cholesterol) ... 

Separation methods, multichromato-graphic la 56 Serine la 246,356 lb 132 Serotonin la 70,76,239,240,262,355, 380 lb 37-39,231,243,348 Serotonin metabolites lb 327 Serum lipids la 89 Serum proteins la 74 Sesquiterpene derivatives lb 239,446 Sesquiterpene esters lb 239 Sesquiterpene glucosides la 327 Sesquiterpene lactones lb 448 Sevin lb 387-389 Si 50 000, specific surface area la 91 Silica gel, caffeine-impregnated la 85 -, surface modified la 3 Silica gel 60, specific surface area la 91... 

While cholesterol is believed to be chiefly concerned in the relationship, other serum lipids such as triacylglycerols may also play a role. Atherosclerosis is character-... 

Chedid, A. Haux, P. and Natelson, S. Use of thin layer chromatography on silica gel for serum lipid fractionation and measurement in the routine clinical laboratory. Clin. Chem. (1972), 13, 384 - 390. 

Dietary consumption of polyphenols is associated with a lower risk of degenerative diseases. In particular, protection of serum lipids from oxidation, which is a major step in the development of arteriosclerosis, has been demonstrated. More recently, new avenues have been explored in the capacity of polyphenols to interact with the expression of the human genetic potential. The understanding of the interaction between this heterogeneous class of compounds and cellular responses, due either to their ability to interplay in the cellular antioxidant network or directly to affect gene expression, has increased. 

UESUGi T, FUKUi Y and YAMORi Y (2002) Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavone snpplementation on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal Japanese women a four-week study. JAm Coll Nutr 21, 97-102. 

ANDERSON J w, JOHNSTONE B M and cooK-NEWELL M E (1995) Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N Engl J Med. 333 (5) 276-82. 

DAVIDSON M H, MAKI K C, KONG J C, DUGAN L D, TORRI S A, HALL H A, DRENNAN K B, ANDERSON s M, FULGONI V L, SALDANHA L G, OLSON B H (1998) Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids on subjects with hypercholesterolemia , American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, 367-76. 

In our study, consumption of rye bread or rye bread with phloem did not have an effect on serum lipids (total, LDL or HDL cholesterol or triglycerides) (Table 14.4). This is contrary to a recent finding suggesting that soluble fiber from rye bread decreased the concentrations of cholesterol (Leinonen et al., 2000). In that study ingestion of rye bread (220 g/d) with naturally high amounts of insoluble (18 g/d) and soluble fiber (4 g/d) decreased the LDL concentrations by 8% in hypercholesterolemic men. The researchers speculated that soluble fiber, maybe P-glucan, was responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect. The amount of rye bread (70 g/d vs 220 g/d), the amount of total (5.9-11.8 g/d vs 22.1 g/d) and soluble fiber (0.6-1.3 g/d vs 4 g/d) ingested in this study was considerably less, and could explain the lack of effects on blood lipids in our study. 

Blood glucose and serum lipid lowering effects in humans with diabetes (McPeak et al., 2001 Rukmini et al., 2002 Qureshi et al., 2002). 

QURESHI A A, SAEED A s, FAROOQ A K (2002) Effects of Stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types 1 2. J Nutri Biochem, 13 175-87. 

Certain drugs and diseases can cause abnormalities in serum lipids and should be evaluated (Table 9-3). Every effort should... 

TABLE 9-8. Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs on Serum Lipids at FDA-Approved Doses... 

Resins are moderately effective in lowering LDL cholesterol but do not lower triglycerides (Table 9-8). Moreover, in patients with elevated triglycerides, the use of a resin may worsen the condition. This may be due to a compensatory increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity and results in an increase in assembly and secretion of VLDL. The increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity can be blocked with a statin, resulting in enhanced reductions in serum lipids (see section on combination therapy). Resins reduce LDL cholesterol from 15% to 30%, with a modest increase in HDL cholesterol (3% to 5%) (Table 9-8). Resins are most often used as adjuncts to statins in patients who require additional lowering of LDL cholesterol. Since these drugs are not absorbed, adverse effects are limited to the gastrointestinal tract (Table 9-9). About 20%... 

Complete blood cell count (CBC) with differential and platelets. cFasting glucose, serum lipids, weight. 

Metformin also has been shown to produce beneficial effects on serum lipid levels and thus has become a first-line agent for type 2 DM patients with metabolic syndrome. Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels often are reduced by 8% to 15%, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol improves by approximately 2%. A modest weight loss of 2 to 3 kg (4.4—6.6 lb) also has been reported with metformin therapy. Metformin often is used in combination with a sulfonylurea or a thiazolidinedione for synergistic effects. 

At minimum, yearly laboratory evaluation of serum lipids, urinary microalbumin, and serum creatinine should be performed. If the patient is on a thiazolidinedione, liver function tests should be performed at least once a year. 

Elevated cholesterol levels in transplant patients are due to a culmination of factors such as age, genetic disposition, renal dysfunction, DM, proteinuria, body weight, and immunosuppressive therapy. Many of the immunosuppressive agents can produce elevations in serum lipid levels. 

Acitretin Monitor serum lipids and liver function tests. 

B. Effects of Preparation Methods on Serum Lipids 1. Boiled vs Paper-Filtered Preparation Methods... 

The full effect of changes in coffee consumption on serum cholesterol does not occur as quickly as it does to changes in dietary fat intake. Typically, when a stable high-saturated fat diet is replaced with a stable low-saturated fat diet, the maximum changes in serum lipid levels are achieved in two to four weeks.29 30 The serum lipid response to changes in coffee consumption does not appear to reach its full effect until after four weeks or more. 

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