Industry factor

All these events, along with the others included in Reference 4, have occurred in the chemical industry. Factors to consider when determining event frequency include the following ... 

Waste Heat Disposal in the Process Industry. .. (Factors Governing the Selection of,an) Air Cooler and/or Water Cooling Tower... 

This accounts for the development of citms products into a major industrial factor within the last century. The main growing areas are situated in North and South America, southern Europe and northern Africa [1],... 

Traditionally used in the textile and apparel industries, factoring, like securitization, entails a sale of receivables to generate cash. Given the superficial similarities between the two financing techniques, it is useful to compare them and consider when each applies. 

Minutes, Air Pollution Abatement Committee, Manufacturing Chemists Association, Jan. 11, 1950 Minutes of joint meeting on 1951 pollution abatement conference, Jan. 10, 1951 (MCA) Polluted Air Held No Health Menace, New York Times, Feb. 26, 1952. Establishment of public relations committee MCA Executive Committee minutes, April 9, 1946. See also Industry Advised in Air Pollution, New York Times, Feb. 27, 1952 Plant diseases and other non-industrial factors sometimes cause crop damage for which blame is wrongly put on air pollution by industry, the Manufacturing Chemists Association was told yesterday. ... 

The DOE Industry Profiles provide developers, local authorities and anyone else interested in contaminated land, with information on the processes, materials and wastes associated with individual industries. They also provide information on the contamination that might be associated with specific industries, factors that affect the likely presence of contamination, the effect of mobility of contaminants and guidance on potential contaminants. They are not definitive studies but they introduce some of the technical considerations that need to be borne in mind at the start of an investigation for possible contamination. 

Some minerals are found naturally in foods in variable amounts and can be modified, or others can be added, during industrial processing of food. Table 1 indicates the amounts of some of the macro- and microelements that can be found in various raw and processed foods. Moreover, almost all these minerals can be found as pollutants in foods due to environmental or industrial factors, and are analyzed for hygienic reasons, and not as natural components of foods. 

The economic benefit of synthesis ammonia production depends on energy consumption. Increase in productivity is influenced by many factors in which the reactor s volume plays an important role. The reactor s volume is limited by the possibility of mechanical manufacture. For example, high-pressure reactor is restricted by the allowed weight of forging. In addition, the size of the heat exchanger is limited by the number of tubes in the tube bundle. Usually the number of tube is not more than 10,000. The tube reactor, whose catalyst volume is more than 30 m, is rarely seen in the mechanical industry. Factors such as the size of reactors may pose difficulties in transporting from mechanical work to the construction site as well as the ability or the inability of the crane in capital construction and so on. 

Figure 3-9 includes some of the other factors that are not lead markets factors, but either support the lead market factors or they are the result of the lead market role of a market. For instance, supporting and related industries that are internationally competitive can support the export advantage and therefore the lead nuir-ket role of a country in an industry. Factor endowments such as physical resourc es and availability of capital can influence the lead market factors such as the factor price advantage. The availability of financial resources, sources of technical and market knowledge, can support the lead market factors, but they are mainly considered a result of the early adoption of an innovation by a market. In section 33 in particular I address the question of how national technical superiority is related to the lead market role of countries. Finally, chance is a determinant of many processes in the economy. As mentioned above (2.4), in models of technical choice under externalities historical accidents are considered mainly responsible for the outcome. Chance controls a basic invention based on serendipity (inven-tions-by-chance) and oil price shocks, war and political shifts. It can be expected that chance may play a role in the lead market processes as well. The lead market system is therefore not a deterministic theory. However, this thesis is predominantly about nation-specific attributes or national success factors that support the lead market function of a country as well. In this chapter I will describe these nation-specific lead factors. 

Market forces determine the demand for a product, and the demand will be used to forecast the sales of hydrocarbons. This will be one of the factors considered by some governments when setting the production targets for the oil company. For example, much of the gas produced in the South China Sea is liquefied and exported by tanker to Japan for industrial and domestic use the contract agreed with the Japanese purchaser will drive the production levels set by the National Oil Company. 

Contracts made between the oil company and supply or service companies are a factor which affects the cost and efficiency of development and production. This the reason why oil companies are revising the types of contract which they agree. Types of contract commonly used in the oil industry are summarised in Section 11.0. 

To realize a process integrated quality control the conception shown in fig. 2 was followed. The casting process which is influenced by process parameters like thermal economy, alloy composition or black wash will be pursued with particulary to the problematic nature adjusted sensoring systems. On basic factors orientated sensoring systems like microfocus radioscopy, and tomography will be employed and correlated with sensoring systems which can be applicated under industrial conditions. 

A catalyst is a material that accelerates a reaction rate towards thennodynamic equilibrium conversion without itself being consumed in the reaction. Reactions occur on catalysts at particular sites, called active sites , which may have different electronic and geometric structures than neighbouring sites. Catalytic reactions are at the heart of many chemical industries, and account for a large fraction of worldwide chemical production. Research into fiindamental aspects of catalytic reactions has a strong economic motivating factor a better understanding of the catalytic process... 

Anexcollent and inexpensive hotair drier (" A.M. Industrial Type Blower ) is manu factored by Bylock lilectric Ltd., Ponders End, Enfield. Middlesex. 

An analysis to determine the concentration of Cu in an industrial plating bath uses a procedure for which Zn is an interferent. When a sample containing 128.6 ppm Cu is carried through a separation to remove Zn, the concentration of Cu remaining is 127.2 ppm. When a 134.9-ppm solution of Zn is carried through the separation, a concentration of 4.3 ppm remains. Calculate the recoveries for Cu and Zn and the separation factor. 

Industrial appHcations often require that bulk materials or Hquids be weighed in hoppers, silos, tanks, or reactor vessels, referred to collectively as vessels. Because they come in such a wide variety of si2es, shapes, and capacities, scales using these vessels as load receivers are not typically available as standard products. Vessels are usually custom-fabricated to suit a particular appHcation, then mounted on a scale. Some can be mounted on a standard scale such as a bench, portable, or floor scale. More typically, a number of weigh modules are used to support the vessel. This offers the scale designer great flexibiHty but certain precautions are necessary in order to constmct an accurate scale. Some of the more important factors associated with the design of vessel scales are discussed herein. 

Economic Aspects. The stmctural plywood industry now has (ca 1997) about 105 operating mills, representing a significant decrease over the past several years. Production in 1994 was about 17.4 x 10 m (2), also representing a marked decrease over previous years. This decrease is a result of several factors, two of the most important being a decrease in availabiHty of suitable veneer logs, especially in the western states, and competition from the newer oriented strand board stmctural panel industries. 

Specifications, Standards, Quality Control, and Health and Safety Factors. APA-The Engineered Wood Association represents the softwood plywood and oriented strandboard industries in the areas of specification, standards, and quaHty control (QC). An APA product standard, PSl-95 (6), discusses the above areas in detail. The following listing summarizes plywood characteristics covered in PSl-95. 

Specifications, Standards, Quality Control, and Health and Safety Factors. Formerly, there was an Insulation Board Institute representing the insulation board industry, but the decline in the market and number of producers has led to its demise. Currently (ca 1997), the industry is represented by the American Hardboard Association (AHA). Specifications and standards are found in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for CellulosicFiberboard (7). The standard includes descriptions of the various types and classes of ftberboard, as well as requirements for physical and dimensional stabiUty properties. QuaUty control tests are limited to a few basic strength and stabiUty tests, including bending strength, bond strength, and moisture resistance. 

Specifications, Standards, Quality Control, and Health and Safety Factors. The hardboard industry is represented by the American Hardboard Association (AHA). Specifications and standards are contained in several ANSI standards (8—11). These standards define the various hardboard product categories as well as specific product qualities required for each group. 

The component C in the separated extract from the stage contact shown in Eigure 1 may be separated from the solvent B by distillation (qv), evaporation (qv), or other means, allowing solvent B to be reused for further extraction. Alternatively, the extract can be subjected to back-extraction (stripping) with solvent A under different conditions, eg, a different temperature again, the stripped solvent B can be reused for further extraction. Solvent recovery (qv) is an important factor in the economics of industrial extraction processes. 

Cellulose acetate, the second oldest synthetic fiber, is an important factor in the textile and tobacco industries 731,000 metric tons were produced worldwide in 1991 (Fig. 11) (74). Acetate belongs to the group of less expensive fibers triacetate is slightly more expensive. An annual listing of worldwide fiber producers, locations, and fiber types is pubHshed by the Fiber Economics Bureau, Inc. (74). 

Another factor potentially affecting the market for halogenated fire retardants is the waste disposal of plastics (see Wastes, industrial). As landfiU availabihty declines or becomes less popular, two alternatives are incineration and recycling (qv). The nature of the combustion products from halogenated products requires carefiil constmction and maintenance of incinerators (qv) to avoid damage to the incinerator itself and a pubHc health problem from the exhaust. The ease of recycling used products also has a potential effect on fire retardants. 

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