Early adopters

To encourage the early adoption of new technological advances by the pharmaceutical industry. 

Canadian interests span into hydrogen production, delivery and utilization, primarily in fuel cell applications in transportation, stationary and portable systems. Furthermore, codes and standards for hydrogen systems are an important area of activity. The range of future electrical requirements for early adopters, such as the military, is very wide with numerous applications for various electrically powered systems. The introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier into the commercial and military sector offer similar and sometimes unique challenges in all the areas discussed. 

Canada s Early Adopters program also includes educational work elements which will enable firms to showcase their technologies in working pilot-scale of a hydrogen economy and will help increase investor and consumer awareness of Canadian capabilities and of the many benefits and uses of hydrogen-powered applications. 

Early market introduction of hydrogen and fuel cell technology through the Early Adopters Program. 

Canada s national program consists of three areas research and development hydrogen infrastructure development through the Canadian Transportation Fuel Cell Alliance and early market introduction of hydrogen and fuel cell technology through the Early Adopters Program. 

NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation http //www.h2fc.com/gov.htmi Hydrogen Early Adopters http //tpc-ptc.ic.gc.ca./h2/en... 

Impressed by the specificity of enzymatic action, biochemists early adopted a "lock-and-key" theory which stated that for a reaction to occur the substrate must fit into an active site precisely. Modem experiments have amply verified the idea. A vast amount of kinetic data on families of substrates and related competitive inhibitors support the idea and numerous X-ray structures of enzymes with bound inhibitors or with very slow substrates have given visual evidence of the reality of the lock-and-key concept. Directed mutation of genes of many enzymes of known three-dimensional structure has provided additional proof. 

The principle of the compression plastimeter is very simple - the test piece is compressed between parallel plates under a constant force and the compressed thickness measured. This simplicity accounts for the early adoption of this type of instrument and its subsequent continued popularity. The work of Williams16 led to the first widely used parallel plate instrument and eventually to various modified forms all working on the same principle. Apart from simplicity, the compression principle has no real inherent advantages but a number of disadvantages ... 

Chemical industry players have only recently started transforming their supply chains, and enormous potential still remains to be captured. Being an early adopter, moving first, and taking a creative approach can really ensure distinctiveness, competitive advantage, and long-term, sustainable value creation. 

Wilkes launched the field of air- and moisture-stable ionic liquids by introducing five new materials, each containing the Tethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [EMIMJ+ with one of five anions nitrate [NC>3], nitrite [NO2]-, sulfate [SC>4]2, methyl carbonate [CH3CO2]- and tetrafluoroborate [BF [47]. Only the last two materials had melting points lower than room temperature, and the reactive nature of the methyl carbonate would make it unsuitable for many applications. This led to the early adoption of [EMIM][BF4] as a favored ionic liquid, which has since been the subject of over 350 scientific publications. One of the first appeared in 1997 [50], reporting the investigation of [EMIM][BF4] as the electrolyte system for a number of processes, including the electrodeposition of lithium (intended for use in lithium ion batteries). 

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