Technical Consideration

Temperature and surface effects influence the separation capabilities of CE. Artifacts also can arise with CE. 

Because the driving force of the flow is distributed along the wall of the capillary, the flow profile is nearly flat or pluglike, contrasting the laminar or parabolic flow generated by a pressure-driven system caused by shear forces at the wall. A flat flow profile is beneficial because it does not contribute to the dispersion of solute zones. The magnitude and direction of the EOF can be impacted by the type of electrolyte used, the pH, the ionic strength, the use of additives (e.g.. 

Because CE uses online optical detection, artifacts can result in the form of system peaks. These often originate from the sample or the interfaces between the sample and the separation buffer because any species that absorbs at the detection wavelength wfll generate a response. This differs from protein slab gel electrophoresis where detection specificity is governed by a protein specific stain. It is not uncommon, for example, for buffer species present in the sample but not in the separation buffer to generate system peaks. However, clinical serum protein electrophoresis provides one example where artifacts are elimmated by CE. 

One problem associated with conventional electrophoresis of serum proteins is its proclivity for point-of-application artifacts. These are bands that result from the fact that electrophoretic mobility (e.g., with AGE) is bidirectional from the point of application. Consequently the point of application remains part of the scanned area of interest. The fact that these must be immunotyped to distinguish real monoclonal proteins from artifacts is costly and time consuming. 

CE prevents point-of-application artifacts for two reasons. First, the net mobility in CE is the vectorial addi- 

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This rather low recovery factor may be boosted by implementing secondary recovery techniques, particularly water Injection, or gas injection, with the aim of maintaining reservoir pressure and prolonging both plateau and decline periods. The decision to implement these techniques (only one of which would be selected) Is both technical and economic. Technical considerations would be the external supply of gas, and the... 

Primary smelting can be carried out in a reverberatory, rotary, or electric furnace. The choice depends more on economic circumstances than on technical considerations (3). Thus, in the Far East, reverberatory furnaces fired with anthracite coal as the reductant were and still are widely used. 

The higher the costs of connecting the current of an impressed current installation, the more economical galvanic anodes become. Usually the choice of one or the other protection method is made not only from an economic point of view, but also from technical considerations. Only the economic point of view is dealt with here. 

In this case, economic and technical considerations are incorporated with the results from the preceding steps to determine the final reactor system with respect to the size of the experimental reactor and its operating conditions. The data from the experimental reactor are used to make appropriate corrections for the mathematical model derived in the preceding steps. At this stage, it is essential to review the previous steps for revision of earlier results. 

The ultimate direct utilization of electrochemical promotion in commercial reactors (in the chemical industry and in automotive exhaust catalysis) will depend on several technical and economical factors6 which are intimately related to the following technical considerations and problems ... 

Zukin, S.R. Fitz-Syage, M.L. Nichtenhauser, R. and Zukin, R.S. Specific binding of 3H-phencyclidine in rat central nervous tissue Further characterization and technical considerations. 

Additional Technical Considerations Associated with Remediating Sites Contaminated with Oxygenates... 

Other technical considerations related to remediation of sites contaminated with MTBE and oxygenates include... 

Zoltoski, R. K Cabeza, R. J. 8r Gillin, J. C. (1999). Biochemical pharmacology of sleep. In Sleep Disorders Medicine Basic Sciences, Technical Considerations and Clinical Aspects, ed. S. Chokroverty and R. B. Daroff, 2nd edn, pp. 63-94. Boston, MA ... 

Interferences are the last of the technical considerations in selecting an analytical method. Now we will address a series of consideration that are equally important, but are not related to the science of the measurement. 

After another review of the practical constraints and technical considerations, it was concluded that an eductor vacuum-enhanced recovery system would be feasible and still be cost-effective and efficient. In all, 11 6-in.-diameter wells extending to a depth of 28 ft were installed at strategic locations in the area where product seeps were observed. Each well was serviced by a high-pressure supply and a low-pressure return line. A basic domestic-type deep-well eductor was installed in each well, attached to a drop pipe that extended to 25 ft below the surface. A check valve on the drop pipe prevented backflow into the well during service. The top of the casing... 

Overall, the development of a robust formulation with scale-up potential for Phase II studies involves integration of physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and technical considerations. Whether a rudimentary formulated capsule or a more robust formulation closer to the commercial form will be used in Phase II studies will depend on the company policy, material cost, the complexity of clinical design, and the development strategy. 

The value of P is important only with respect to technical considerations. The presence of finite orbital overlap between the initial and final states shghtly alters the p dependence of the relationship between Ft and A, The overlap corrections for the instanton analysis arise from the slightly different normalization of the symmetric and antisymmetric eigenstates, which can be obtained from the simple model in Fig. 2. The coefficients of the symmetric and antisymmetric eigenstates in terms of the zeroth order states, nominally + become instead... 

In the case of gas lasers the discharge conditions, and therefore also the laser intensity, change with the magnetic field strength, and often the maximum Zeeman frequency shift is not limited by technical considerations (greatest possible magnetic fields) but by the fact that the laser intensity drops to zero f... 

Risk assessment is a process by which regulatory and scientihc principles are applied in a systematic fashion in order to describe the hazard associated with human exposure to chemical substances. The information provided by a risk assessment may then be used to regulate the use of the substance, or may not, depending on political, social, economic, and technical considerations in the process of risk management. 

The successful closure of JACADS will be a major accomplishment for the CSDP and will provide guidance for the closure of other chemical agent disposal facilities in the continental United States. This chapter examines a number of the technical considerations involved in planning for the closure. Issues related to the execution of a closure plan and postclosure activities are covered in Chapters 4 and 5. 

Certain factors are likely to influence future analyses of more complex viruses. Crystal stability is governed by packing interactions and, as can be seen from Fig. 16.4, is, to a first approximation, inversely proportional to the square of the virus radius, presumably underl)dng the problems with crystal stability for analyses such as that of PRDl. Even assuming that well-ordered, stable crystals can be formed, technical considerations will place an upper limit on the unit cell size from which useful data can be collected. Nevertheless, with some improvements in beam and detector technology, we expect that data collection from cells up to 2000 A should be feasible for even a primitive unit cell. 

T. T. Phan, Technical consideration for the validation of electronic spreadsheets for complying with 21 CFR Part 11, Pharm. Technol., pp. 50-62, Jan. 2003. 

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