Immune innate

Immune systems in animals and plants are quite different. There are two types of immune systems in animals (1) innate, so-called non-specific or passive immunity (2) adaptive, so-called specifically acquired , active, or cell-mediated immunity. Innate immunity is based on barriers to infectious agents and adaptive immunity is based on multiplicative and specific antibody release after contact with an antigen (infectious agent). The so-called memory cells in animals respond to secondary contact with an antigen. 

Liszewski MK, Yokoyama WM, Atkinson JP. 2000. Innate immunity Innate immune cells. Immunology/Allergy, II Innate immunity, ACP Medicine, New York. 

Wu, H., and Arron, J. R. (2003). TRAF6, a molecular bridge spanning adaptive immunity, innate immunity and osteoimmunology. Bioessays 25, 1096-1105. 

Species immunity Innate or inborn genetic immunity. 

A cascade of proteins of the immune response that can be triggered by antigen-antibody complexes and by the innate immune system (e.g. exposure to microbial polysaccharides) to raise the immune response. Complement proteins can detect and bind to foreign material or immune complexes and label them for phagocytosis. They can also cause inflammation by directly degranulating mast cells and releasing chemokines to recruit other immune cells into the affected area. 

Defensins are a group of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides made by immune cells. There are seven defensins in humans, six alpha-defensins and one beta-defensin, which are involved in the innate immune defense at the surface of epithelia from the respiratory tract, the intestinal tract or the urinary tract. 

Humoral immunity depends on soluble, noncellular effector mechanisms of the immune system. These include defensins and complement components (proteins of the innate immune system) and antibodies (products of the adaptive immune system). They are capable of reacting with foreign substances (e.g., bacteria and viruses) to produce detoxification and elimination. 

Acute Inflammation is the Immediate Response of Innate Immunity to Pathogens. 

Immune Defense. Figure 1 Innate immune responses after challenge of skin or mucosa Acute inflammation and priming of adaptive immunity. 

While cells of the innate immune system can combat invading microbes autonomously, their effector mechanisms are also used and greatly enforced by the... 

In the specialized environment of secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen, dendritic cells provide the requirements for naive T-lymphocytes to become activated and to proliferate. The professional antigen-presenting cells present peptides in MHC II, express costimulatory molecules, and release cytokines into the immunological synapse, which is formed by the antigen-presenting cell and the naive T-lymphocyte. Thus, cells of innate immunity initiate and facilitate the activation of naive lymphocytes, and it is easily conceivable that their cytokines and adhesion molecules will instruct the naive T-lymphocyte during activation and differentiation to T-effector cells. 

Immune Defense. Figure 3 Drugs involved in suppressing innate and adaptive immune response. Abbreviations mob monoclonal antibody, TCR T-cell antigen receptor, IL-2 interleukin-2, R receptor, CD cluster of differentiation. 

Immunity is the innate or acquired ability of a higher organism to successfully defend life against potentially harmful agents like infections or poisons. 

NF-kB regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses ( immune defense) [2]. Understanding the function of NF-kB in the development, maintenance, and activation of cells from the immune system (including hematopoietic cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes) has greatly benefited from the analysis of knockout mice in which individual NF-kB family members were defective. 

The innate immune response is initiated once the host detects the presence of foreign pathogens. This recognition step is performed by specialized cells of... 

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors expressed by cells from the innate immune system... 

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