Innate immune system pattern recognition receptors

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors expressed by cells from the innate immune system... 

Ozinsky, A., Underhill, D.M., Fontenot, J.D., Hajjar, A.M., Smith, K.D., Wilson, C.B., Schroeder, L., Aderem, A. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci... 

Fig. 13.2 The lipid whisker model. Cell membranes of senescent or apoptotic cells contain oxidized phospholipids with sn-2 oxidized fatty acid acyl chains protruding into the extracellular space. This conformation renders them accessible to interact with scavenger receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on the surface of probing macrophages of the innate immune system (Greenberg et al., 2008 Permission for use of this figure has been requested from The Journal of Biological Chemistry.)...

A new hypothesis links oxidized biomolecules to immune reactions via oxidation of self biomolecules generating new damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or oxidation-spedlic epitopes (OSE). Oxidation-derived DAMPs (oxDAMPs) are related to certain oxidative stress-associated disorders and can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, and thus activate innate or adaptive immune responses. 

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