Innate immune system activation during

Predicted activation of the innate immune system during degradation... 

Preventative vaccines are increasingly used during pregnancy, with the intention of protecting the newborn baby from infectious disease, such as influenza, via conferred immunity from the mother (1). To date, no causal relationships have been demonstrated for adverse effects on pregnancy with any approved vaccine. However, potential mechanisms have been suggested by which an induced immune response could interfere with prenatal development. A nonspecific disturbance of the resting balance between the innate and humoral activities of the immune system, for instance, could result in abortion (2). Otherwise, the induced antibodies may have the potential to disturb normal development due to a specific... 

In addition to thek role in coordinating immune system functions, cytokines mediate communication betw een the peripheral immune system and the central and peripheral nervous system (Plata-Salaman, 1991). During an innate immune response, cytokines released by macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and other cells activate the HPA axis, resulting in the release of ackenal glucocorticoids (Silverman et al., 2005). 

One of the most important components of immunity is the complement system. This is a series of some thirty or so substances in blood serum that become activated in a series of reactions during an immune response (known as a complement cascade ). This process can be activated by microbial substances during innate immune responses, but also by antibodies in adaptive responses. 

During primary acute infection, and during reactivation, the actively replicating HSV is susceptible to immune attack. During latency in the nervous system, in contrast, the virus is relatively sheltered. During the early events of acute infection HSV is especially vulnerable to the effects of innate immunity such as IFNs. Such innate responses are capable of shaping the future adaptive response to the virus, and it is likely therefore that evasion of innate immunity is... 

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